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The Lens Pod

The Lens Pod

By Lens Pod

The Lens Pod is a medical student-run ophthalmology podcast that uses interviews with residents, fellows, and attendings to help medical student learners navigate the road to ophthalmology.

lensophthalmology.com/the-lens-pod
twitter.com/TheLens_oph

Current Hosts:
Hailey Robles-Holmes, PGY1 Georgetown University Hospital/WHC
Victor Cox, M4 Georgetown University
Katie Flaharty, M4 University of Michigan
Matthew Spano, M4 VCOM- Louisiana
Shivani Majmudar, M3 University of Illinois Chicago

Lens Pod Alumni:
Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen
Sunil Rupareli
Emily Xu
Chris Le
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The Lens Newsletter: May 24, 2023

The Lens PodMay 24, 2023

00:00
07:50
The Lens Newsletter: May 24, 2023

The Lens Newsletter: May 24, 2023

Too busy to read the Lens? Listen to our weekly summary here! In this week’s episode we discuss...


Poverty and its impact on glaucoma screening, cost effectiveness in cataract surgery, long-term immunomodulatory therapy vs. steroid therapy in symptomatic ophthalmia, and carotenoids in mouse models for retinopathy of prematurity.

May 24, 202307:50
The Lens Newsletter: May 17, 2023

The Lens Newsletter: May 17, 2023

Too busy to read the Lens? Listen to our weekly summary here!


In this week’s issue: 

Anti-VEGF treats the retina … and the cornea? A new study suggests intravitreal injections improve ocular surface disease.

EDI enhanced depth imaging-OCT proves particularly useful for evaluating optic disc drusen to answer the age-old question… is it papilledema or pseudopapilledema?

Are cataracts after chemotherapy for retinoblastoma foregone conclusion? A recent study investigates

May 17, 202306:42
Women in Ophthalmology with Dr. Grace Sun

Women in Ophthalmology with Dr. Grace Sun


This week we sit down with Dr. Grace Sun to learn about Women in Ophthalmology, the many ways students can contribute to this important organization, and valuable lessons about stepping outside of your comfort zone. Dr. Sun is the president of Women in Ophthalmology and an Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Weill Cornell Medical College where she practices as a comprehensive ophthalmologist and cataract surgeon. She received her MD at Weill Cornell Medical College and completed her ophthalmology residency at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. She served as the Program Director of Ophthalmology Residency at Weill Cornell Medicine for 10 years and currently serves as the Director of Ophthalmology Clinical Practice at Weill Cornell in Lower Manhattan. 

Time Stamps:

4:24- What is Women in Ophthalmology? What is their mission?

7:41 - Mastering the "nice 'no'”

10:00- The power of women in leadership and their ability to bring attention to structural issues preventing gender equity in ophthalmology 

11:02- How medical students/trainees can serve as allies to their female colleagues 

17:00- Why representation matters

18:00- What ways are medical students involved in WIO?

21:24- Dr. Sun’s advice on overcoming awkward conference encounters

26:35- Why are fewer women comfortable mentioning their partner’s application status during residency interviews, despite the SF Match offering no couples match option? 

Citation: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.07.026

29:30- Rethinking the residency training model as a potential solution for dealing with gender equity issues

32:05- Research as an advocacy tool and an investigative tool… we have to ask "why"

36:00- The importance of normalizing conversations about relationships and family planning 

39:43- Dr. Sun’s parting message on preserving female representation in ophthalmology and its impact on the field 

May 16, 202343:05
The Lens Newsletter: May 10th 2023

The Lens Newsletter: May 10th 2023

Too busy to read the Lens? Listen to our weekly summary here! In this week’s issue:

One in eight glaucomatous eyes progresses fast, with progressive central vision loss associated with faster glaucomatous decline.

Electronic health records and claims data is helpful to study prevalence and patient trends, but accuracy of data can fluctuate depending on the condition. 

High blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of retinal vascular occlusion. 

The genetic factor, T-box factor 3, is required for normal mammalian eye formation.


May 10, 202306:40
The Lens Newsletter: May 3, 2023

The Lens Newsletter: May 3, 2023

Too busy to read the Lens? Listen to our weekly summary here!


In this week’s issue: 

Defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacles may slow the rate of myopia progression 

ChatGPT can’t pass OKAP… yet 

5 year data suggest that iStents are safe for the corneal endothelium

May 03, 202305:57
Community Outreach in Ophthalmology with Dr. Evan Waxman

Community Outreach in Ophthalmology with Dr. Evan Waxman

This week we speak with Dr. Evan Waxman about community outreach in ophthalmology. Dr. Waxman is a comprehensive ophthalmologist at the University of Pittsburgh. He serves as a professor of Ophthalmology, Vice Chair of Medical & Resident Education, and Director of both the UPMC Eye Center Mercy and the comprehensive ophthalmology division. In this episode he teaches us about the Guerilla Eye Service, a community eye clinic that he founded over 15 years ago, in addition to providing helpful advice for getting involved in community efforts to improve vision health.

Apr 17, 202335:02
Advocacy in Ophthalmology with Dr. Katherine Hu

Advocacy in Ophthalmology with Dr. Katherine Hu

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Katherine Hu to learn how medical students and trainees can get involved in ophthalmology advocacy. Dr. Hu attended medical school at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, then completed her ophthalmology residency at the John A. Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah where she is currently completing a cornea fellowship.

Listen now to learn about current legislative policies impacting the field of ophthalmology, improving your confidence in public speaking, and the power of storytelling in advocacy!

Time stamps:

2:00- Check out Moran Eye Center’s “Moran Core” for foundational ophthalmology learning!

3:00- How do physicians, specifically ophthalmologists, contribute to advocacy?

4:00- The optometry scope expansion bill explained.

10:55- An avenue for medical students to get involved in ophthalmology advocacy.

15:00- Public speaking and how to feel more confident.

23:00- Advocacy reimagined.

27:00- The cardinal rule for being involved in advocacy work.

27:45- Believe in the power of your voice– especially as a trainee.

Mar 20, 202331:10
Teleophthalmology, Artificial Intelligence, and Community Health with Dr. Ben Szirth

Teleophthalmology, Artificial Intelligence, and Community Health with Dr. Ben Szirth

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Ben Szirth, PhD to learn about the utility of teleophthalmology in clinical practice and its relationship to artificial intelligence and community outreach in ophthalmology. Dr. Ben is the director of the TeleHealth Program at the New Jersey Medical School and leads the Vision Threatening Diseases screening community-based program at the Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science in Newark, NJ where he works with current medical students every week.


Episode Timestamps

0:20- Introduction

2:18- Learning about EyeNuk, Inc.’s EyeArt® and its ability to screen for vision threatening diseases 

3:24- Another interesting ophthalmology podcast recommendation!

5:40- Explaining how teleophthalmology in partnership with artificial intelligence allows us to bring advanced ocular care to disadvantaged communities

9:17- What is teleophthalmology? – Summarized.

10:00- A novel approach to monitoring Type 1 DM eye disease progression– at Disney World!

12:10- Dr. Ben’s open space model for his Vision Threatening Diseases Screening Program

15:20- Leveraging community leaders and peer advocates to establish and maintain lasting relationships within a community

17:30- Teleophthalmology offers a unique solution to improving access to care

18:31- Artificial intelligence research offers a system to validate the impact of teleophthalmology in ocular health and facilitates funding

22:20- Artificial intelligence and telehealth trend analysis

28:00- The surprising disadvantage of portable screening equipment

31:50- What does artificial intelligence research look like?

35:00- Deep learning explained

40:30- How medical students make a difference in community health

46:00- How teleophthalmology breeds innovation


*No participants of this podcast have any financial disclosures pertaining to research, products, or equipment discussed in this episode.

Feb 20, 202348:25
My First Research Project (with Dr. Jay Sridhar)

My First Research Project (with Dr. Jay Sridhar)

Description: 

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Jay Sridhar to learn what students should know before (or after) their first research project. Dr. Sridhar is an associate professor of clinical ophthalmology and the assistant residency program director at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. During this episode he imparts meaningful advice for all students and provides helpful tips for the research beginner.


Episode Goals:

-After this episode, medical students will understand the value of finding the right research mentor.

-After this episode, students will learn the importance of time management, setting expectations early, and having a peer mentor or colleague proofread your work.

-After this episode, students will learn simple questions to consider when preparing to write a manuscript.


Time stamps:

Part I: Intro, Icebreaker, & Life Advice

1:48- Dr. Sridhar’s hang-gliding excursion

4:28- Discussing our inner voice and Dr. Sridhar’s podcast recommendation

6:00- Dr. Sridhar’s non-ophthalmology book recommendations

7:15- Seize the day and the additions of small moments


Part II: The Research Basics

10:20- The value of finding the right research mentor

13:20- Set expectations early, articulate how much time you can give, NEVER ghost

14:40- Early skills that any student can contribute

15:30- Have a peer mentor double check your work BEFORE sending to your PI

17:35- Don’t put all your research eggs in one basket/PI

18:20- Three branches of research: basic science, translational, clinical

20:55- Authorship order


Part III: Navigating your First Project

22:35- Start with one project

24:40- Sending a “cold” email of interest to a potential PI

26:00- Case reports

26:38- What’s my target journal?

29:05- What’s my backup plan


Part IV: Research as it applies to my residency application

31:28- How many publications do I need to be a competitive ophthalmology applicant?

34:00- Don’t participate in research at the expense of other medical student responsibilities

37:20- “Good medical students = good residents”

40:13- Helpful tips

46:00- Parting advice

Jan 16, 202349:21
Introduction to Glaucoma (with Dr. Andrew Pouw) Part 2/2

Introduction to Glaucoma (with Dr. Andrew Pouw) Part 2/2

Episode 10: Introduction to Glaucoma (part 2)
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Andrew Pouw to get a broad overview of glaucoma. Dr. Pouw is a glaucoma specialist and clinical assistant professor at the University of Iowa and also the co-host of the popular ophthalmology podcast Eyes for Ears.
Episode Goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
● Acquire a general understanding of imaging tools and interpretation of visual fields and OCT
● Acquire knowledge of some pressure lowering drop mechanisms used in glaucoma management
● Acquire knowledge of laser and surgical management options for glaucoma
Time Stamps:
Limitations of perimetry - 0:50
Staging glaucoma using visual fields - 3:12
3 Questions for every visual field - 5:15

What is it? - 5:35
Is it real? - 8:26
Is this worse? - 12:34

Evidence based reliability indicies by Yohannan et al - 20:41
Which side is the nasal side in a VF print out? - 21:48
Eyes4Ears visual fields episode - 23:52
Cirrus OCT discussion - 26:24
Normal disc area and other parameters - 33:42
Neuroanatomical concordance in OCT and VF - 34:50
Discussion on pressure lowering drops - 35:47
Two categories for drops - 36:16
Glaucoma surgeries - 39:31
Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and cataract surgery - 41:30
Laser options in clinic - 42:54
Tips for medical students in the glaucoma OR - 46:34
Advice for medical students on their glaucoma rotation - 50:11
Plug for Eyes4Ears and the Buddy Call Series - 51:22
Links:
Sample 24-2 Visual Field (http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/VF-testing/VF-tutorial-6.gif)
Sample Cirrus OCT printout (https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40942-020-0208-5/MediaObjects/40942_2020_208_Fig1_HTML.png)
Yohannan et al on VF reliability indicies (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676280/)
Yohannan et al on OCT signal strength (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31648802/)
Top cap reference (not 100% absolute rules) -
www.optometrystudents.com/pearl/guide-cap-colors-commonly-prescribed-drugs/
Aug 02, 202252:08
Introduction to Glaucoma (with Dr. Andrew Pouw) Part 1

Introduction to Glaucoma (with Dr. Andrew Pouw) Part 1

Episode 10: Introduction to Glaucoma (part 1)

Description:

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Andrew Pouw to get a broad overview of glaucoma. Dr. Pouw is a glaucoma specialist and clinical assistant professor at the University of Iowa and also the co-host of the popular ophthalmology podcast Eyes for Ears.

Episode Goals:

After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:

● Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for glaucoma

● Acquire knowledge of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and aqueous humor generation and drainage pathways

● Describe the common examination techniques in glaucoma

Time Stamps:

Introductions - 0:41

Eyes for ears and Dr Steven Flynn recommendation for medical students and junior residents  - 2:47

What is the glaucoma subspecialty? - 3:32

Overview of aqueous humor pathways - 6:34

Can you drop IOP too low? - 9:29

Measuring IOP - 11:32

Central corneal thickness and IOP - 14:15

Why do eyes have different pressure goals? - 16:45

Pearl when to not measure IOP using Goldmann applanation tonometry - 19:17

Slit lamp exam findings in glaucoma - 19:54

Pearl about superior and inferior quadrants  - 26:52

Tilted optic nerves - 30:10

GONE project - 31:55

Drance hemorrhages - 33:53

Pearl about contextualizing cup to disc ratios - 36:40

What is gonioscopy? - 37:52

Gonioscopy.org - 43:48

Links: Eyes for Ears glaucoma episodes (https://eyesforears.net/episodes/category/Glaucoma)

Jul 25, 202245:05
Introduction to Ocular Oncology (with Dr. Carol Shields)

Introduction to Ocular Oncology (with Dr. Carol Shields)

Episode 9: Introduction to Ocular Oncology

Description:

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Carol Shields to get a broad overview of ocular oncology. Dr. Shields is Chief of the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital and Professor of Ophthalmology at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. She completed her ophthalmology training at Wills Eye and subsequently did fellowship training in ocular oncology, oculoplastic surgery, and ophthalmic pathology.

Episode Goals:

After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:

● Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for ocular oncology

● Describe the common examination and imaging techniques in ocular oncology

● Describe common pathologies seen and procedures/surgeries performed in ocular oncology

Time Stamps:

Introductions - 0:30

What is ocular oncology? - 2:20

How did you discover ocular oncology?  - 3:30

How can students explore ocular oncology? - 5:00

How do you become an ocular oncologist? - 6:40

Overview of eyelid tumors - 9:05

Overview of conjunctival tumors - 15:05

Overview of conjunctival tumors - 15:05

Overview of orbital tumors - 23:25

Overview of intraocular tumors - 31:06

Additional resources - 42:50

Conclusions - 44:20

Links: https://www.willseye.org/

Jun 12, 202245:21
Clinic and OR Do's and Dont's (with Dr. Rishi Gupta)
Mar 28, 202216:51
Introduction to Neuro-ophthalmology (with Dr. Kalla Gervasio)
Dec 20, 202141:33
Introduction to Cornea (with Dr. Jimmy Hu)

Introduction to Cornea (with Dr. Jimmy Hu)

Oct 11, 202143:23
Introduction to Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (with Dr. Angeline Nguyen)

Introduction to Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (with Dr. Angeline Nguyen)

Description:

This week, we talk about the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus sub-specialty for the medical student learner with Dr. Angeline Nguyen from the University of Southern California.

Episode goals:

After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:

Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the pediatric ophthalmology subspecialty Describe the pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity and when to screen newborns Describe the difference between amblyopia and strabismus and related treatment options

Time stamps:

3:08 What is the connection between strabismus and pediatric ophthalmology?

4:30 Favorite aspects of pediatric ophthalmology and dispelling misconceptions

8:18 Most common reasons for patients to see a pediatric ophthalmologist

9:34 General advice and practical tips for a medical student rotating on pediatric ophthalmology

13:12 Retinopathy of prematurity introduction

17:00 The ROP exam

19:43 Treatment options for ROP

20:18 When to screen (30 weeks 1500 grams)

21:18 Amblyopia & Strabismus

25:42 Breaking down some of the jargon around gaze deviations

29:22 Clarifying misconceptions on tropias and phorias

30:50 Key parts of history for strabismus

31:38 The impact of verbal staging on examination

34:30 When to treat to prevent amblyopia

35:14 Surgical treatment options for strabismus

36:17 Botox for strabismus

38:20 The pediatric ophthalmology OR as a medical student

39:22 Final takeaways

40:30 Plug for Dr. Sudha Nallasamy at CHLA’s upcoming work

Links:

Who Moved My Cheese -  https://bookshop.org/books/who-moved-my-cheese-an-a-mazing-way-to-deal-with-change-in-your-work-and-in-your-life/9780399144462

Tim Root Website - https://timroot.com/

AAO simulators - https://www.aao.org/interactive

Botox in strabismus - https://eyewiki.aao.org/Botulinum_Toxin_Use_In_Strabismus

Sticker chart for kids - https://ortopadusa.com/product-category/shop/reward-posters/

Sep 27, 202141:36
Introduction to Retina (with Dr. Benjamin Young)
Aug 16, 202134:57
Introduction to Oculoplastics (with Dr. Andrea Tooley)
Aug 02, 202154:59
Introduction to Ophthalmology ED Consults (with Dr. Grayson Armstrong)

Introduction to Ophthalmology ED Consults (with Dr. Grayson Armstrong)

Description:

This week, we talk about ophthalmology emergencies and ED consults with Dr. Grayson Armstrong from Massachusetts Eye and Ear

Episode goals:

After listening to this episode, listeners should be able to:

Appreciate the breadth of common ophthalmic emergencies and trauma
Present a basic workup and have a differential for common ophthalmic complaints presenting to the ED

Time stamps:

2:30 How common are eye emergencies?

3:45 What are some of your favorite parts of ophthalmology?

4:47 What do you enjoy most about managing eye emergencies?

5:56 Benign and worst case scenario for the AAO’s 6 causes of urgent referral for ophthalmology

9:23 Red flags and what information you should always get when evaluating a patient

12:39 The outside-in approach for working up ocular trauma patients

14:10 Lid lacs at the medical student level

15:52 Exam techniques when working up vision loss

17:47 Painful vision loss differential and assessment

20:20 Orbital compartment syndrome tidbits

22:00 Painless vision loss

24:45 Red eye

28:36 Takeaways and tips for eye ED consults


Links:

Tim Root’s website - https://timroot.com/

AAO medical student website - https://www.aao.org/medical-students

AAO White Paper for things medical students should know - https://www.aao.org/Assets/edca7d7c-ccb0-4b97-bca4-66b4328a91fc/637157338302800000/appendix-of-ms-white-paper-with-links-pdf?inline=1

Video of cell and flare - https://timroot.com/cell-and-flare-in-the-eye-video/

Ophthalmic Edge Acronym app (great resource for rotations!!)- https://ophthalmicedge.org/physician/ophthalmic-acronyms-app-available-now/#

Eye Tea Official Twitter - https://twitter.com/eyeteaofficial?lang=en


Jul 19, 202133:01
Introduction to Comprehensive Ophthalmology (with Dr. Thomas Oetting)

Introduction to Comprehensive Ophthalmology (with Dr. Thomas Oetting)

This week, we talk about comprehensive ophthalmology and general tips for the ophthalmology rotation for the medical student learner with Dr. Thomas Oetting from the University of Iowa

Goal of episode: After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:

Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice in comprehensive ophthalmology

Describe the basic work-up for an eye patient and “vital signs” of the eye

Understand the basic functions of the slit lamp

Describe some key patient considerations when evaluating cataracts


Time stamps:
4:15 What is comprehensive ophthalmology?
7:59 Is there anything you recommend medical students should brush up on before their first day in comprehensive ophthalmology?
13:15 What can medical students do in comprehensive ophthalmology clinic that you have found helpful or useful, that was also beneficial for student learning?
23:20 Thoughts on the “vital signs of the eye”
33:00 A brief aside on hippus
35:58 Pearls and pitfalls for the slit lamp exam
43:10 Insight on cataract evaluation
52:05 Approaching the cataract OR
59:49 Takeaways
1:03:00 Closing remarks

Links:

Basic Eye Exam (including slit lamp) -
webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas-video/basic-eye-exam.htm
Cataract surgery for greenhorns - eyerounds.org/tutorials/cataract-oetting.htm
AAO Careers in Ophthalmology: Comprehensive Ophthalmology www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vHrwcKk9S8
Hippus by Stanley Thompson: jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/575589
lensophthalmology.com/the-lens-pod
twitter.com/TheLens_oph



Jul 05, 202101:06:09
Introduction to The Lens Pod

Introduction to The Lens Pod

In episode 0 of season 1 of The Lens Pod, we introduce the podcast hosts - Chris Le, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Sunil Ruparelia, and Emily Xu - and discuss the goals of the podcast, and give a peak behind the scenes and some things to look forward to with the rest of our inaugural season.

Jul 01, 202109:28