The NASS Podcast

In this podcast, Dr. Rajiv Saigal, Co-Chair of the NASS Section on Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), interviews Dr. Brian Kwon, a world-leading expert in SCI research.  They discuss Dr. Kwon's work on spinal cord perfusion, use of lumbar intrathecal drains to monitor CSF pressure, and evolving views on optimizing cord perfusion to improve patient outcomes after SCI.

Ask the Experts: Wearable Devices For Spine Patient Care: Opportunities And Obstacles Ram Haddas, PhD, MBA Antonio Webb, MD Addison Wood, MD

Ask the Experts: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Lumbar Spinal Stenosi

Lindsay Orosz, Director of Research at the National Spine Health Foundation, chats with moderator Tobias Mattei about her recent NASSJ article, "Opioid Use After Elective Spine Surgery: Do Spine Surgery Patients Consume Less than Prescribed Today?" View article here. 

Hosted by: Zorica Buser, PhD, MBA and W. Mark Erwin, DC, PhD  Guest Speaker: Ashish Diwan, MBBS, MS (Ortho), DipNB, MNAMS, FRACS, FAOrthA, PhD- Director of Spine Service and Bone Biology, University of New South Wales This episode provides an overview of the problem of annular tears/degeneration and the role of annular tears in the pathogenesis of degeneration and pain.  It highlights the cellular/molecular aspects of annular damage and the surgical challenges posed by attempts to repair the injured disc.

Featuring: Christopher Kauffman, MD; Allison Waxler, MS; Jayesh Wallabh, MD The CMS Final Rules for 2023 has been an important issue lately in spine care. In this new podcast, SpineLine authors Christopher Kauffman, MD and Allison Waxler, MS discuss their recent article, "CMS Publishes Final Rules for 2023 Medicare Payments to Physicians," with moderator Jayesh Vallabh, MD. View the article here.

Marco Burkhard, MD of Balgrist University Hospital in Switzerland discusses his recent NASSJ article "Clinical relevance of occult infections in spinal pseudarthrosis revision" with moderator and NASSJ deputy editor Tobias Mattei, MD.

Ask the Experts: Spinal Deformity in the Setting of Spinal Tumors Larry Lo, MD Daniel M. Sciubba, MD Joseph H. Schwab, MD

Kush Goyal, MD, of Cleveland Clinic chats with moderator Renee Rosati, DO about navigating your first years in practice.

Benoy Benny, MD, of The Spine and Sports Center in Houston, TX, has a discussion with moderator Renee Rosati, DO. Benoy dishes on how a physician should weigh his/her job options.

Ask the Experts:  How Do I Get My Research Published? Christopher M. Bono, MD Andrew J. Schoenfeld, MD

Benoy Benny, MD, of The Spine and Sports Center in Houston, TX, has a discussion with moderator Renee Rosati, DO. They discuss How to hire an interventional spine physiatrist and what is the ISMM training?

Antonio Webb, MD, an orthopedic surgeon in San Antonio, TX, has nearly 350,000 followers on his YouTube channel and he discusses how to build your social media presence with moderator Renee Rosati, DO.

David O'Brien, MD, NASS' Board of Directors Secretary and physiatrist in Winston Salem, NC, sits down with moderator Renee Rosati, DO to discuss sensory stimulation testing before RFA.

Ask the Experts: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Evan K. Johnson, DPT, MS, OCS Rick Placide, MD Michael Suer, MD

Reza Ehsanian, MD, a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford Neurosurgery and a clinical translational fellow at Vanderbilt, is now doing a pain fellowship at University of New Mexico. Along with moderator Renee Rosati, DO, they discuss regenerative medicine for the lumbar facet joints.

Ask the Experts: Artificial Disc Replacement Scott Blumenthal, MD Richard Guyer, MD Scott Blumenthal, MD

Allen Chen, MD, of UCLA Health chats with moderator Renee Rosati, DO about medial branch blocks with or without lidocaine.

Orthopedic surgeon Charles Crawford, MD chats with moderator Tobias Mattei, MD about his recent NASSJ article, "Predictors of segmental lumbar lordosis following midline posterior (transforaminal) lumbar interbody fusion: Does interbody device type matter?"

Jason Friedrich, MD, discusses his recent SpineLine article, "Managing the Gray Areas of Degenerative Cervical Stenosis: Mild Myelopathy and Asymptomatic Cord Compression" with moderator Alex Michael, MD.

Anand Joshi, a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician at Emory University in Atlanta, chats with moderator Renee Rosati, DO, of Medical University of South Carolina about "Yay or Nay, EMG for radiculopathy?"

William Lavelle, MD of Upstate Orthopedics in New York discusses his recent NASSJ paper, "CT based bone mineral density as a predictor of proximal junctional fractures," with moderator Tobias Mattei, MD.

Aaron Yang, MD, of Vanderbilt University, discusses Fluoroscopy views for Medial Branch Blocks with moderator Renee Rosati, DO of the Medical University of South Carolina.

Section on Biologics members W. Mark Erwin, DC, PhD and Zorica Buser, PhD are joined this week by Jeffrey Lotz, PhD, a researcher at UCSF, to discuss contemporary limitations with respect to IVD pain diagnosis and limitations of current imaging. The possibility of novel, quantifiable imagining such as MRI spectroscopy is discussed as an advantageous, non-invasive form of imaging.

Zack McCormick, MD a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician at the University of Utah, discusses Genicular RFA with moderator Renee Rosati, DO.

Joining the SpineLine podcast from Cardiff, England, author Brian Simpson, MD, FRCS discusses Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome with moderator Tejas Shah, MD.

Renee Rosati, DO of NASS' Public Affairs Committee and a spine interventional physician at the Medical University of South Carolina, chats with Kush Goyal, MD of the Cleveland Clinic about the nuances of Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA). Disclosures: Goyal, Kush: Nothing to Disclose Rosati, Renee: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Section on Biologics & Basic Research members, Zorica Buser, PhD, MBA and W. Mark Erwin, DC, PhD discuss whether or not there is any evidence that can address differences in the pain experience of patients living with DDD vs normal ‘ageing’. Is it disc or is it endplates? If it is disc, annulus, nucleus, or both? Disclosures: Buser, Zorica: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial, Co-chair of Educational Committee); Consulting: Cerapedics (B, Outside 24-Month Requirement); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Medical Metrics (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Next Science (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SeaSpine (F, Outside 24-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AOSpine (Travel Expense Reimbursement), NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Erwin, William Mark: Board of Directors: Notogen (Stock options and salary support only); Grants: Skoll Family Trust (G, Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Investigator Salary): Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (D); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Skoll Family Trust (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Scientific Advisory Board: Notogen (Stock options only); Stock Ownership: Notogen (3,000,000 Shares, 33%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Applying for Spine Medicine Fellowship Santhosh Thomas, DO Kush Goyal, MD Disclosures: Goyal, Kush K: Nothing to Disclose Thomas, Santhosh A.: Consulting: State Farm (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Authors Jacob Razzouk, BS and Olumide Danisa, MD discuss their recent SpineLine article, "Mitigating Malpractice Claims: Practices for Health Care Professionals" with moderator Kaku Barkoh, MD. Access the article here. Watch the video version of this episode on the NASS YouTube Channel, here. Disclosures: Barkoh, Kaku: Consulting: Amplify Surgical, Inc (B). Danisa, Olumide: Board of Directors: Musculoskeletal Transplantation Foundation (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Royalties: Globus Medical (E); Trips/Travel: American Board Of Orthopaedic Surgeons (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Razzouk, Jacob: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Jaymin Patel, MD, an interventional spine physician, talks with moderator Renee Rosati, DO about "The Physician Template." Disclosures: Patel, Jaymin: Nothing to Disclose Rosati, Renee: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Authors Michael Stauff, MD and Ben Mitchell, MD of the University of Massachusetts discuss their paper "Patterns of concomitant injury in thoracic spine fractures" with NASSJ editor in chief Jonathan Grauer, MD. Access the full article here. Disclosures: Grauer, Jonathan: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial), NASS (Nonfinancial); Other: NASS (D). Stauff, Michael: Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Empirical Spine (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Spineart (B), Stryker Spine (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Current State of Alternative Biomedical Engineering Approaches to IVD Regeneration Kenneth Blank, PhD, MS, MHA Zorica Buser, PhD, MBA Celeste Abjornson, PhD Disclosures: Abjornson, Celeste: Consulting: Camber Spine (B), Centinel Spine (E); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): 4WEB Medical (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), 7D Surgical (D, Outside 24-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), Mallincrodkt (F, Paid directly to institution/employer). Blank, Kenneth R: Nothing to Disclose Buser, Zorica: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial, Co-chair of Educational Committee); Consulting: AOSpine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Cerapedics (B), The Scripps Research Institute (Future Compensation Expected), Xenco Medical (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Motion Metrics (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Next Science (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SeaSpine (F, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AOSpine (Travel Expense Reimbursement), NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Renee Rosati, DO chats with interventional spine physician Brad Goodman, MD about when and when not to prescribe pain medications. Disclosures: Goodman, Brad: Consulting: Discgenics (Nonfinancial, 100 shares). Rosati, Renee: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Dr. Julia Crim, a Radiologist at the University of Missouri, discusses her article, "Thoracic and lumbar spine trauma classification systems fail to predict post-traumatic kyphotic deformity" with NASSJ Deputy Editor Tobias Mattei, MD. Access the article here. Disclosures: Crim, Julia: Nothing to Disclose Mattei, Tobias: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ Deputy Editor Tobias Mattei, MD talks with authors Merritt Kinon, MD and Jose F. Dominguez, MD about their paper, "Classifications and level of evidence trends from the most influential literature on thoracolumbar burst fractures: A bibliometric analysis." Access the article here. Disclosures: Dominguez, Jose: Nothing to Disclose Kinon, Merritt: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Globus (C). Mattei, Tobias: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ Editor in Chief Jonathan Grauer, MD discusses the paper "Does conflict of interest affect the reported fusion rates of bone graft substitutes and extenders?" with authors Yu-Po Lee, MD and Joshua Lee. Access the article here.  Disclosures: Grauer, Jonathan: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial), NASS (Nonfinancial); Other: NASS (D). Joshua, Lee: Nothing to Disclose Lee, Yu-Po: Consulting: Globus (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ deputy editor Tobias Mattei, MD chats with Comron Saifi, MD about his paper, "The language of all medical publications and spine publications from 1950 to 2020." Link to article available here. Disclosures: Mattei, Tobias: Nothing to Disclose Saifi, Comron: Consulting: NuVasive (None); Stock Ownership: Alphatec (None), Vertera/Nuvasive (1,000 Shares, 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 NASS ISMM Fellowship: Interview Process, Tips & Tricks Evan Berlin, MD Adam Epps, DO William J. Sullivan, MD Disclosures: Berlin, Evan : Nothing to Disclose Epps, Adam C: Nothing to Disclose Sullivan, William J.: Board of Directors: NASS (Executive Committee); Trips/Travel: NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ Deputy Editor Tobias Mattei, MD, chats with author Ingar Naess, MD, about his article on bicycle-related cervical spine injuries. Read the full article here: https://www.nassopenaccess.org/article/S2666-5484(22)00022-1/fulltext Disclosures: Mattei, Tobias Alecio: Nothing to Disclose   Naessig, Sara : Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Expanding Indications for Cervical Disc Replacement Mark Mikhael, MD Armen Khachatryan, MD Deepak Reddy, MD Disclosures: Khachatryan, Armen: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Zimmer Biomet Spine (E); Trips/Travel: Zimmer Biomet Spine (B). Mikhael, Mark M.: Consulting: Clariance Spine (B). Reddy, Deepak: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Members of the Section on Biologics & Basic Research, W. Mark Erwin, DC, PhD and Zorica Buser, PhD, MBA, discuss the term “DDD” and what accepted science defines as DDD as well as what the salient cellular, molecular and imaging characteristics are that define DDD as compared to normal ‘ageing’ changes. Additional questions addressed include: What characteristics and symptoms are shared and NOT shared with the ageing disc?   How does one delineate these distinctions clinically?  Is it possible?  How do the cellular/molecular changes associated with the degenerative disc correlate with a patient’s symptoms?  How much degeneration is ‘necessary’ before symptoms manifest?  Is this even known?

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Robotics Surgery: Current Status and Potential Future Directions Eric Nottmeier, MD Stephen Pirris, MD Disclosures: Nottmeier, Eric W.: Royalties: Globus Medical (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Symgery (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Stock Ownership: Lessray (Future Compensation Expected), Mirus (Future Compensation Expected), Surgical Spotlight Inc (Future Compensation Expected), Trackx (Future Compensation Expected). Pirris, Stephen: Other: MedCyclops (None); Stock Ownership: ORHub (100,000 Shares, 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Tobias Mattei, MD chats with author Max Hans-Peter Gay, PhD about his article titled, "Computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry for imaging of degenerative disc disease." Access article here. Disclosures: Gay, Max Hans-Peter: Nothing to Disclose Mattei, Tobias Alecio: Nothing to Disclose

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Cervical Disc Replacement Richard Guyer, MD Scott Blumenthal, MD Disclosures: Blumenthal, Scott L.: Consulting: Aesculap (C), Bayliss Medical (B), Degen Medical (C), NeoSpine (C), Orthofix (C); Device or Biologic Distribution Group (Physician-Owned Distributorship): Aesculap (A); Scientific Advisory Board: Aesculap (B), FzioMed (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Aesculap (D), Bayliss (None), NuVasive (None); Stock Ownership: Centinel Spine (1%), FzioMed (1%). Guyer, Richard D.: Consulting: Aescalup (C), Orthofix (D), Spinal Kinetics (B); Royalties: ATEC (B), Nanovis (D), Stryker - K2M (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Tejas Shah, MD, chats with authors Kevin Davis, BS, and Iahn Cajigas, MD, PhD, about their article, "Brain-Computer Interfaces for Spinal Cord Injury - Technology Progressing Toward a Clinical Reality."   Access the article here. Disclosures: Cajigas, Iahn: Grants: Boston Scientific (None); Stock Ownership: Kinesiometrics LLC (less than 1%). Davis, Kevin: Nothing to Disclose Shah, Tejas : Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Controversies and Current Issues in Spinal Cord Tumors Matt Goodwin, MD Joseph Schwab, MD Daniel Sciubba, MD Disclosures: Goodwin, Matthew L.: Consulting: Augmedics (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), JBJS Classroom (A); Fellowship Support: AOSpine (Salary), NREF (Salary); Royalties: Kendall Hunt (B); Stock Ownership: ROM3 (200 Shares, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AOSpine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 24-Month Requirement). Sciubba, Daniel M.: Consulting: Baxter (B), DePuy Synthes (B), Medtronic (D), Stryker (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Use of neuromonitoring during spinal cord stimulator surgery varies significantly across the US. In some regions, multimodality neuromonitoring is used routinely for all procedures. In other regions, it’s rarely used at all. With more than a decade of research on the utility of IONM for SCS placement, Dr. Falowski is interviewed by Dr. Vogel about the results of his research. Richard Vogel, PhD, DABNM- Neurological Monitoring Associates, LLC, Milwaukee, WI Stephen M. Falowski, MD- St. Lukes University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA Disclosures: Falowski, Steven M.: Consulting: Abbott (F), Medtronic (E), Vertiflex (F), Vertoss (D); Stock Ownership: AGR (less than 1%), Celeri (less than 1%), Cornerloc (less than 1%), Neural Integrative Solutions (50%), Saluda (less than 1%), Spinethera (less than 1%), SPR (less than 1%), Stimgenics (less than 1%), Thermaquil (less than 1%). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President (2019-2020)); Other: NuVasive Clinical Services (Salary, employment ended May 2021); Stock Ownership: NuVasive (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Neuromonitoring is a widely accepted method for evaluating spinal cord and nerve root function in spinal deformity surgery; however, methods vary significantly in the US and around the world. In this episode, Dr. Simon Harris is interviewed for his perspective as an orthopedic spine surgeon who focuses on spinal deformity surgery in Toronto, Canada. Disclosures: Harris, Simon: Nothing to Disclose Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Past President); Other: NuVasive Clinical Services (Salary). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - October 2021 Collaboration with Oncology and Evolution of Targeted Therapies John H. Shin, MD C. Rory Goodwin, MD, PhD Joshua C. Patt, MD, MPH Disclosures: Goodwin, C. Rory: Consulting: Medtronic (B); Grants: Federal Food And Drug Administration (G, Paid directly to institution/employer), NIH/NINDS (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (F, Paid directly to institution/employer). Patt, Joshua  C.: Board of Directors: AOA (Nonfinancial, Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors Chair, Executive Committee Member). Shin, John H.: Consulting: Carbofix (None), DePuy (B), Medtronic (A), NuVasive (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series Michael Fehlings, MD, PhD, FRCSC Rajiv Saigal, MD, PhD Yi Lu, MD, PhD Disclosures: Fehlings, Michael G.: Stock Ownership: Inteligex Inc. (Future Compensation Expected). Lu, Yi: Grants: The Gillian Reny Stepping Strong Center For Trauma Innovation (E, Paid directly to institution/employer); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: DePuy Synthes (B); Stock Ownership: Axiomed (less than 1%). Saigal, Rajiv: Consulting: Globus (B), Johnson & Johnson (B), Proprio (8,327 Shares). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ editor in chief Jonathan Grauer, MD, discusses the impact of COVID operating room restrictions with article authors Tobias Mattei, MD, and Justin Zhang, MD. Access the article here. Disclosures: Grauer, Jonathan N.: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial), NASS (Nonfinancial); Other: NASS (D).   Mattei, Tobias Alecio: Nothing to Disclose   Zhang, Justin: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series Nathaniel Brooks, MD Hoon Choi, MD Nick Jain, MD Disclosures: Brooks, Nathaniel P.: Other: NASS (Nonfinancial, Minimally Invasive Procedure Section Chair). Choi, Hoon : Nothing to Disclose Jain, Nickul S.: Consulting: 4WEB (B), Centinel Spine (B), Spineart (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Relievant Medsystems (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series Nathaniel Brooks, MD Christoph Hofstetter, MD, PhD Choll W. Kim, MD, PhD Hoon Choi, MD Disclosures: Brooks, Nathaniel P.: Other: NASS (Nonfinancial, Minimally Invasive Procedure Section Chair). Hofstetter, Christoph P.: Consulting: Globus (C), Innovasis (B), Johnson & Johnson (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Johnson & Johnson (A), Joimax (D). Choi, Hoon : Nothing to Disclose Kim, Choll W.: Consulting: Elliquence (B), Globus (F), Spinal Elements (B), Stryker (B); Trips/Travel: Globus (D). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series Joseph Schwab, MD Ilya Laufer, MD Disclosures: Laufer, Ilya: Consulting: Brainlab (A), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), Spine Wave (B). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AOSpine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 24-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ editor in chief Jonathan Grauer, MD, chats with author Roland Roelz about his article, "Implant in situ assembly for all-posterior lumbar vertebral column resection. Technical note." Grauer, Jonathan N.: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial), NASS (Nonfinancial); Other: NASS (D). Roelz, Roland: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ editor in chief Jonathan Grauer, MD chats with author Eric Holder, MD about his paper, "Is there an association between lumbosacral epidural lipomatosis and lumbosacral epidural steroid injections? A comprehensive narrative literature review" Disclosures: Grauer, Jonathan N.: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial), NASS (Nonfinancial); Other: NASS (D). Holder, Eric  K.: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

NASSJ editor in chief Jonathan Grauer, MD, discusses the value of NASSJ visual abstracts with Harold Moore, MD. Disclosures: Grauer, Jonathan N.: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial), NASS (Nonfinancial); Other: NASS (D). Moore, Harold : Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Author Shay Bess, MD, chats with NASSJ deputy editor Tobias Mattei, MD, about a recent NASSJ article "Opioid use prior to surgery is associated with worse preoperative and postoperative patient reported quality of life and decreased surgical cost effectiveness for symptomatic adult spine deformity; A matched cohort analysis." Disclosures: Bess, Shay: Consulting: K2M Stryker (B); Grants: DePuy Synthes (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Globus Medical (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), NuVasive (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SeaSpine (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), SI-BONE (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Carlsmed  (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), International Spine Study Group Foundation (B); Royalties: NuVasive (B), Stryker (E). Mattei, Tobias Alecio: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Alex Michael, MD, chats with Richard Skolasky, ScD, about his recent SpineLine article on diversity and inclusion among NASS members. Dr. Skolasky is chair of NASS' Diversity Task Force. Access the article here. Disclosures: Michael, Alex P: Nothing to Disclose   Skolasky, Richard L.: Board of Directors: International Society For Quality Of Life Research (Nonfinancial), North American Spine Society (Nonfinancial, Governance Committee Chair, Research Program Management Chair, voting member); Other: International Society For Quality Of Life Research (B), International Society For Quality Of Life Research (Nonfinancial, Associate Editor for Quality of Life Research).   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series  Adam Doan, DC, DABNM Richard Vogel, PhD, DABNM Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Other: Nuvasive Clinical Services (Salary); Private Investments: Veridical RCM (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President (2019-2020)); Other: NuVasive Clinical Services (Salary, employment ended May 2021); Stock Ownership: NuVasive (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - Safety and Teamwork in Neuromonitoring: Where Can We Improve? Adam Doan, DC, DABNM Richard Vogel, PhD, DABNM Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Other: Nuvasive Clinical Services (Salary); Private Investments: Veridical RCM (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President (2019-2020)); Other: NuVasive Clinical Services (Salary, employment ended May 2021); Stock Ownership: NuVasive (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Ask the Experts: A Lifelong Learning Series - The Therapeutic Value of Neuromonitoring F. Todd Wetzel, MD Adam Doan, DC, DABNM Richard Vogel, PhD, DABNM Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Other: Nuvasive Clinical Services  (Salary); Private Investments: Veridical RCM (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President (2019-2020)); Other: NuVasive Clinical Services (Salary, employment ended May 2021); Stock Ownership: NuVasive (less than 1%). Wetzel, F. Todd: Other: NASS (C, Paid directly to institution/employer); Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (40,000 Shares, 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Lead Author, Chad F. Claus, DO, discusses his recent TSJ Outstanding Paper: The Effect of Ketorolac On Posterior Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Fusion: An Interim Analysis from a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial with Moderator Tejas Shah, MD. Access the article here: https://www.spineline-digital.org/spineline/november_december_2021/MobilePagedReplica.action?pm=2&folio=20#pg22 Disclosures: Claus, Chad: Nothing to Disclose Shah, Tejas: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Authors Gregory Moore, MD, and Will Summers, MD, discuss their recent SpineLine article, titled "Basivertebral Nerve Ablation: Pearls and Pitfalls," with moderator Renee Rosati, DO. The article first appeared in the September/October 2021 issue of SpineLine. Access the article here. Disclosures: Moore, Gregory A.: Consulting: Relievant (B), Vertos (None); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Abbott (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Boston Scientific (G, Paid directly to institution/employer), Relievant (D, Paid directly to institution/employer).  Summers, Will: Nothing to Disclose Rosati , Renee Michelle: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Ram Haddas, PhD, MBA, Yigal Samocha, MD, Bassel Diebo, MD Aging, vestibular deficits, neurologic conditions, neuromuscular disease, peripheral neuropathies, and abnormal spinal curvatures, all predispose an individual to postural instability and may alter their balance. Currently, most spinal surgeons rely on static radiographic parameters for objective alignment and balance data alongside patient-reported outcome measures. Radiographs have often been used as an indirect measure of balance; however, as our understanding of balance has evolved the importance of postural stability has become more appreciated. Postural stability encompasses a variety of factors including alignment, sensory inputs, muscle conditioning, and response to external stimuli. Although the ability to radiographically measure balance has significantly improved, the clinical measurements, implications, and prognosis of balance and sway have remained difficult to quantify. Disclosures: Haddas, Ram: Consulting: Medtronic (E); Grants: Alphatec (E, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), Aspen Medical Products (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SI-BONE (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), The Cervical Spine Research Society (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Samocha, Yigal : Nothing to Disclose Diebo, Bassel G.: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Ram Haddas, MD, Yigal Samocha, MD, Bassel Diebo, MD Functional outcome measurements have been shown to be effective tools in diagnosing, planning treatments, and tracking outcomes in several subspecialties of medicine. The data produced from FOMs allows surgeons to tailor patient-specific surgical interventions, improve assessment of surgical outcomes, and expand the understanding of gait abnormalities and their impact on patient's daily lives. A comprehensive picture of functional outcome measurements, patient-reported outcome measures, and radiographic parameters is important for spine surgeons to understand and guide postoperative prognosis. Disclosures: Haddas, Ram: Consulting: Medtronic (E); Grants: Alphatec (E, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), Aspen Medical Products (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SI-BONE (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), The Cervical Spine Research Society (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Samocha, Yigal : Nothing to Disclose   Diebo, Bassel G.: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph H. Schwab, MD, MS Machine learning-based prediction decision support tools must necessarily evolve if patient outcomes involved. This is true in spinal metastases. The Sorg survival prediction algorithm is in perpetual states of validation and improvement.  Changes in the algorithm reflect changes in patient outcomes which has happened in a subset of patients particularly those who are sensitive to targeted immuno therapeutics. Disclosure: Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph H. Schwab, MD, MS Artificial intelligence is becoming more integrated into every day society. Wearable technology will eventually do the same. The future of wearable technology goes far beyond its current state. Eventually the wearables will interact with other devices in our environment. Disclosure: Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Ram Haddas, MD Text neck is described as a repetitive stress injury or overuse syndrome in the neck. It is caused by prolonged use of mobile devices with the head bent down and not moving. According to recent research literature, smartphone users spend an average of two to four hours a day with their heads dropped down. This results in “700 to 1,400 hours a year of excess stress on the cervical spine. High schoolers may be most at risk, as they could spend an additional 5,000 hours per year in this position. Recently, spine providers have noticed an increase in patients with neck and upper back pain, likely related to poor posture during prolonged smartphone use. Children and adolescents may be at a higher risk and experience shoulder and arm pain, eye strain, stress, anxiety, depression and decreased school performance. Disclosure: Haddas, Ram: Consulting: Medtronic (E); Grants: Alphatec (E, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), Aspen Medical Products (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SI-BONE (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), The Cervical Spine Research Society (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

The management of intramedullary spinal cord tumors remains one of the most challenging clinical problems that one encounters as a spine surgeon. Here, as part of our NASS Spinal Oncology Podcast Series, Dr. Sheng-fu Larry Lo interviews Dr. Paul McCormick and Dr. George Jallo about updates and new research on the perioperative management of these lesions, including imaging features predicting resectability, tractography, intra-operative adjuncts to guide resection, extent of resection and outcomes, and the molecular landscape of these tumors. Moderator: Hesham Soliman, MD, MSc Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Chair: Sheng-fu (Larry) Lo, MHS Northwell Neurosurgery, Great Neck, NY George I. Jallo, MD Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD Paul McCormick, MD, MPH New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia, New York, NY References: Seaman SC, Bathla G, Park BJ, Woodroffe RW, Smith M, Menezes AH, Noeller J, Yamaguchi S, Hitchon PW. MRI characteristics and resectability in spinal cord glioma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;200:106321. Egger K, Hohenhaus M, Van Velthoven V, Heil S, Urbach H. Spinal diffusion tensor tractography for differentiation of intramedullary tumor-suspected lesions. Eur J Radiol. 2016 Dec;85(12):2275-2280. Mensah-Brown KG, Germi JW, Quattrone F, Maloney-Wilensky E, Lee JYK, Chen HI, Schuster JM. Use of Second Window ICG in spinal cord biopsy of a mildly contrast-enhancing lesion: Technical note and review of the literature. Neurochirurgie. 2021 Jun 5:S0028-3770(21)00161-2. Vetrano IG, Gennari AG, Erbetta A, Acerbi F, Nazzi V, DiMeco F, Prada F. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Assisted Surgery of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors: Analysis of Technical Benefits and Intra-operative Microbubble Distribution Characteristics. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021 Mar;47(3):398-407. Forbes JA, Teschan N, Jones SH, Parry P, Simonet L, Swamy NK. Cervical corpectomy for resection of ventral intramedullary capillary hemangioma with circumferential involvement of the anterior spinal artery: case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 2018 Aug;29(2):144-149. McCormick KL, Alexiades N, McCormick PC. Microsurgical Resection of an Intramedullary Spinal Cord Hemangioblastoma Through an Anterior Cervical Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021 Jan 13;20(2):E133. Ushirozako H, Yoshida G, Imagama S, Kobayashi K, Ando K, Ando M, Kawabata S, Yamada K, Kanchiku T, Fujiwara Y, Taniguchi S, Iwasaki H, Shigematsu H, Tadokoro N, Takahashi M, Wada K, Yamamoto N, Funaba M, Yasuda A, Hashimoto J, Morito S, Takatani T, Tani T, Matsuyama Y. Efficacy of Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Intra- and Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study of the Monitoring Committee of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research. Global Spine J. 2021 May 20:21925682211011443. Wang YZ, Zhang YW, Liu WH, Chai RC, Cao R, Wang B, An SY, Jiang WJ, Xu YL, Yang J, Jia WQ. Spinal Cord Diffuse Midline Gliomas With H3 K27m-Mutant: Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis. Neurosurgery. 2021 May 20:nyab174. Disclosures: Jallo, George I.: Consulting: Johnson&Johnson (Financial, Honorarium for consulting on shunt design $1000/yr); Grants: Medtronic (C, Pediatric Fellowship support. THis is for the support of a pediatric neurosurgery fellow); Fellowship Support: Codman (C, This is support for the pediatric fellow, Paid directly to institution/employer). Lo, Sheng-fu Larry: Nothing to Disclose   McCormick, Paul C.: Nothing to Disclose Soliman, Hesham : Nothing to Disclose  

Moderator Jayesh Vallabh, MD, interviews authors Rhett MacNeille, MD, and Olumide Danisa, MD, of Loma Linda University in California about their recent SpineLine article, "Hip-Spine Syndrome: Avoiding the Pitfalls." Access the article here. Disclosures: Danisa, Olumide A.: Board of Directors: Musculoskeletal Transplantation Foundation (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Consulting: Spineart (B); Royalties: Globus Medical (E); Trips/Travel: American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (B). MacNeille, Rhett : Nothing to Disclose   Vallabh, Jayesh : Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted your practice? What changed for you and your care team during social distancing phase? What changed for you and your care team after social distancing requirements lapsed? Join Section on Spine Oncology members John H. Shin, MD, Iliya Laufer, MD and Jacob Buchowski, MD, MS as they discuss their experiences over the past 18 months with moderator Matthew Goodwin, MD, PhD, FACSM. Disclosures: Buchowski, Jacob M.: Device or Biologic Distribution Group (Physician-Owned Distributorship): Globus Medical (E), K2M (C), Wolters Kluwer Health (A); Fellowship Support: AOSpine North America (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), OMeGA (D, Paid directly to institution/employer). Goodwin, Matthew L.: Consulting: Augmedics (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), JBJS Classroom (A); Fellowship Support: AOSpine (Salary), NREF (Salary); Royalties: Kendall Hunt (B); Stock Ownership: ROM3 (200 Shares, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Laufer, Ilya: Consulting: BrainLab (A), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), Spine Wave (B). Shin, John H.: Consulting: Carbofix (None), DePuy (B), Medtronic (A), NuVasive (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

When signals are lost during surgical correction of complex spinal deformities, one available tool for localizing the site of injury is the dynamic spinal cord mapping technique. This valuable technique has gained popularity largely due to Dr. Lenke’s work in popularizing it for this purpose. In this episode, Dr. Lenke is interviewed about how he uses this technique, what information it provides, and how it influences his surgical strategy. Featuring: Richard Vogel, PhD, DABNM Co-Chair, Section on IONM Neurological Monitoring Associates, LLC, Milwaukee, WI Lawrence Lenke, MD Co-Chair, Section on Spinal Deformity Columbia University, New York, NY Disclosures: Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Other: Nuvasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Lenke, Lawrence G.: Consulting: Abryx (B), EOS TECHNOLOGY (None), Medtronic (F); Grants: Fox Family Foundation (A), Scoliosis Research Society (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other: AOSpine (D, Paid directly to institution/employer), Broadwater (B); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Complex CADS ISSG (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Confirm S2AI Screw Placement By Routine Fluoroscopy (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), EOS Imaging  (A, Paid directly to institution/employer), Fox Pediatric Spinal Deformity Study (A, Paid directly to institution/employer), Scoliosis Outcome Database Registry (A, Paid directly to institution/employer), Scoli-Risk-1 (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Tropical Application Of Tranexamic Acid To Reduce Blood Loss In Spine Surgery (E, Paid directly to institution/employer); Royalties: Medtronic (I), Quality Medical Publishing (A); Trips/Travel: AOSpine (B), Broadwater (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Authors Akhil Chhatre, MD, and Laryssa Richards, DO, discuss quality improvement measures their team has implemented at Johns Hopkins with moderator Renee Rosati, DO, in this episode of Spotlight on SpineLine. Access the article here. Disclosures: Chhatre, Akhil : Nothing to Disclose Rosati , Renee Michelle: Nothing to Disclose     Richards, Laryssa: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Use of neuromonitoring in cervical spine surgery varies significantly across the US and around the world. In some regions, multimodality neuromonitoring is used routinely for all procedures. In other regions, it’s rarely used at all. In this episode, Dr. Todd Albert is interviewed for his perspective as an orthopedic spine surgeon. Disclosures: Albert, Todd J.: Board of Directors: American Orthopaedic Association (Nonfinancial, Treasurer-Elect), Hospital For Special Surgery (None, Surgeon-in-Chief Emeritus and Medical Director), Scoliosis Research Society (Nonfinancial, Past President); Consulting: Nuvasive (B); Other: JP Medical Publishers (B), Saunders/Mosby- Elsevier (B), Springer (A), Thieme Medical Publishers (B); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): PCORI (D); Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ASIP (D), Augmedics (F), Biomerix (D, 42,253 Shares), Bonovo Orthopedics (D, 85,737 Shares), Crosstrees Medical  (D,  

Moderator Jayesh Vallabh, MD, chats with NASS President Eeric Truumees, MD, about Dr. Truumees recent column in SpineLine, which outlines the differences between NASS 3 and NASS6. Dr. Truumees talks about the importance of being involved in advocacy and how your dollars are being allocated. Disclosures: Truumees, Eeric: Board of Directors: Seton Family of Doctors (None); Other Office: AAOS  (Editor-in-Chief of AAOS Now); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Medtronic (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Pfizer (E, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), Relievant (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Seikagaku Corporation (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), Vertex Pharma (D, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AAOS (Travel Reimbursement (B). Vallabh, Jayesh : Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

In this era of evidence-based medicine, administrative claims databases are of interest because they allow us to evaluate complex questions with large numbers; but, they also have their drawbacks. Numerous studies have used these databases to examine neuromonitoring trends in the US. What have we learned from these studies, and where should future studies focus? In this episode, Section on IONM Member, Dr. John Ney, is interviewed by IONM Co-Chair Dr. Richard Vogel, for his perspective as a neurologist and health policy expert. Disclosures: Ney, John: Board of Directors: ASNM (A); Consulting: Ceribell  (C), Ceribell (B); Other Office: American Academy of Neurology, Medical Economics and Management Committee (Travel reimbursement). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Other: Nuvasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Erik Westerlund, MD discusses the 2020 JAMA article, "Effect of spinal manipulative and mobilization therapies in young adults with mild to moderate chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial" with Literature Review authors Ryan L. McLean, BS and Jonathan N. Grauer, MD. Access the article here. Disclosures: Grauer, Jonathan N.: Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial, committee/board role); Other: NASS (D). McLean, Ryan L.: Nothing to Disclose Westerlund, Erik: Consulting: Nuvasive (B); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Seaspine (None, Research support); Scientific Advisory Board: Seaspine (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Who are the different neuromonitoring societies, what role(s) do they play in patient care, where are they focusing their efforts, and what opportunities are there for inter-society collaboration? In this episode, NASS IONM Section Co-Chair, Dr. Richard Vogel, is interviewed in his role as Past-President of the American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring (ASNM). Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Other: Nuvasive Clinical Services  (Salary); Private Investments: Veridical RCM (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Other: Nuvasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

How many surgeries are monitored in the US each year? What portion are spine? Is use of IONM increasing or decreasing? What major trends do we see in the use of IONM in spine surgery, and what can we expect in the future? This episode hosted by Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan will answer all of these questions and more! Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Other: Nuvasive Clinical Services  (Salary); Private Investments: Veridical RCM (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Other: Nuvasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Moderator Alex Michael, MD and Author James Reynolds, MD James Reynolds, MD, co-chair of NASS' Patient Safety Committee, discusses Preventing Blood Loss in Spine Surgery with Tranexamic Acid. Reducing blood loss during spine surgery is one of the many responsibilities of spine surgeons to keep patients safe. Dr. Reynolds addresses this and more in the latest episode discussing an article that recently appeared in SpineLine. Access the article here.  Disclosures: Michael, Alex P: Nothing to Disclose   Reynolds, James B.: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Moderator Renee Rosati, DO and Author David O'Brien, Jr., MD. NASS Treasurer David O'Brien, Jr., MD, discusses new Interventional Spine & Musculoskeletal Medicine Fellowships and the opportunities they will afford young physicians. Dr. O'Brien touches on NASS completing its inaugural ISMM fellowships with a 100% match, and more in this podcast with moderator Renee Rosati, DO. Access the SpineLine article here. Disclosures: O'Brien, David Reese: Nothing to Disclose   Rosati, Renee Michelle: Nothing to Disclose  Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Jin Sun Kim, MD and Michael Y. Wang, MD Disclosures: Kim, Jin Sun: Stock Ownership: Innovasive (1%); Consulting: Richard Wolf (Travel Expense Reimbursement), Elliquence (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Scientific Advisory Board: Innovasive (Nonfinancial); Grants: AOSpine (A). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (1%), Medical Device Partners (1%); Consulting: Stryker (C), Spineology (C), K2M (C), DePuy Synthes (C); Scientific Advisory Board: Vallum (A).   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Michael Y. Wang, MD and Daniel K. Resnick, MD Disclosures: Resnick, Daniel: Scientific Advisory Board: NIDUS (None). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (1%), Medical Device Partners (1%); Consulting: Stryker (C), Spineology (C), K2M (C), DePuy Synthes (C); Scientific Advisory Board: Vallum (A). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Douglas Pahl, MD, interviews authors Alex Mierke, MD, and Omar Ramos, MD, about their article titled, "Stem Cell Therapies in the Treatment of Disc-Related Low Back Pain." Drs. Mierke and Ramos discuss what is already known about stem cell therapies and what still may lie ahead in this ever-changing medical landscape. Access the article here. Disclosures: Mierke, Alex : Nothing to Disclose   Pahl, Douglas W.: Consulting: Stryker (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other: Orthofix (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement); Stock Ownership: Nanovis (14,837 Shares, Paid directly to institution/employer), Trainer Rx (less than 1%), Vertera (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: Astrazeneca (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Boston Scientific (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement), DePuy/Synthes (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), DJO (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Globus (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Horizon (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Medtronic (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Zimmer/Biomet (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Ramos, Omar: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph S. Butler, PhD, FRCS and Arjun S. Sebastian, MD Disclosures: Butler, Joseph S.: Nothing to Disclose (Sep 26, 2019).   Sebastian, Arjun S.: Nothing to Disclose (Feb 04, 2019) Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Mark M. Mikhael, MD; Deepak Reddy, MD; Bradley Saitta, MD; Nick Shamie, MD Disclosures: Mikhael, Mark M.: Consulting: Clariance Spine (B), GS Medical (B). Reddy, Deepak: Nothing to Disclose. Saitta, Bradley: Nothing to Disclose. Shamie, Nick: Royalties: Seaspine (B); Stock Ownership: SI Bone (100000 Shares, 1%), Vertiflex (200000 Shares, 1%); Consulting: Stryker (Financial, 0), Seaspine (Financial, 0), SI Bone (Financial, 0), Vertiflex (Financial, 0); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (Financial, 0); Trips/Travel: Medtronic (Financial, 0); Board of Directors: Vertiflex (Financial, Medical Director); Scientific Advisory Board: SI Bone (Financial, Medical Advisory Board). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Mark M. Mikhael, MD; Deepak Reddy, MD; Bradley Saitta, MD; Nick Shamie, MD Disclosures: Mikhael, Mark M.: Consulting: Clariance Spine (B), GS Medical (B).  Reddy, Deepak: Nothing to Disclose.   Saitta, Bradley: Nothing to Disclose. Shamie, Nick: Royalties: Seaspine (B); Stock Ownership: SI Bone (100000 Shares, 1%), Vertiflex (200000 Shares, 1%); Consulting: Stryker (Financial, 0), Seaspine (Financial, 0), SI Bone (Financial, 0), Vertiflex (Financial, 0); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (Financial, 0); Trips/Travel: Medtronic (Financial, 0); Board of Directors: Vertiflex (Financial, Medical Director); Scientific Advisory Board: SI Bone (Financial, Medical Advisory Board).   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Zoher Ghogawala, MD; Han Jo Kim, MD; Khoi D. Than, MD Disclosures: Ghogawala, Zoher: Board of Directors: Cervical Spine Research Society (Research Committee Chair, Registry Director), GN2.0-Nidus (66%), Joint Spine Section - AANS-CNS (Chair).   Kim, Han Jo: Board of Directors: AOSpine (B); Fellowship Support: AOSpine (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): CSRS (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), ISSGF (C, Paid directly to institution/employer); Royalties: K2M (D), Zimmer Biomet (F).   Than, Khoi D.: Consulting: Bioventus (B), Medtronic (A). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Evan K. Johnson, PT, DPT, OCS and Rick J. Placide, MD, PT Disclosures: Johnson, Evan K. : Nothing to Disclose.   Placide, Rick J. : Nothing to Disclose. Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Sandeep N. Gidvani, MD and Nickul Jain, MD Disclosures: Gidvani, Sandeep N.: Consulting: Xenco Medical (B), SeaSpine (None), Spinal Balance (None), SI-BONE (None), NuVasive (None).   Jain, Nickul: Consulting: Spineart (Future Compensation Expected); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Globus Medical (Nonfinancial). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Sandeep N. Gidvani, MD and Paul R. Gause, MD Disclosures: Gause, Paul R. : Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (C).  Gidvani, Sandeep N. : Consulting: Xenco Medical (B), SeaSpine (None), Spinal Balance (None), SI-BONE (None), NuVasive (None).   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: E. Kano Mayer, MD; Eeric Truumees, MD; Mark Cuccuzella, MD Disclosures: Cuccuzella, Mark: Nothing to Disclose. Mayer, E. Kano: Stock Ownership: Infinite Orthopedics (1%); Private Investments: Lanai Health Solutions (30%); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: North America Spine Society (B); Trips/Travel: NASS (B).   Truumees, Eeric: Trips/Travel: AAOS (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Board of Directors: Seton Family of Doctors (Salary); Other Office: AAOS Communications Cabinet (E, Travel Expense Reimbursement, Editor-in-Chief of AAOS Now); Research Support - Staff and/or Materials: Relievant (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (A), Vertex Pharma (A), Dova Pharmaceuticals (A), Pfizer (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Stryker Spine (B, Paid directly to institution/employer).   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Zorica Buser, PhD and Mark Erwin, DC, PhD Disclosures: Buser, Zorica: Consulting: AOSpine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Xenco Medical (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement); Research Support (Investigator Salary): SeaSpine (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Next Science (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), SeaSpine (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AO Spine (Travel reimbursements for AO Spine Knowledge forum meetings and congresses).   Erwin, Mark: Board of Directors: Notogen (Stock Ownership disclosed); Grants: Skoll Family Trust (G,Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Investigator Salary): Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (D); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Skoll Family Trust (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Scientific Advisory Board: Notogen (Stock Ownership dislcosed); Stock Ownership (including options, warrants): Notogen Inc (33%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Matthew L. Goodwin, MD, PHD (Washington University), Dan Sciubba, MD (Johns Hopkins), and Joe Schwab, MD, MS (Harvard/Massachusetts General Hospital) Use of bone cement in the spine has been marred by early controversy, including debate over kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty and whether use of bone cement in spine surgery was safe or effective.  Now with recent publications reviewing almost 20 years of cement use in the spine, the data are relatively convincing that bone cement in spine surgery is not only useful, but also relatively safe.   In this podcast, these spine tumor surgeons from NASS' Section on Spine Oncology discuss the history of bone cement in the spine, the current use/indications for cement (e.g. metastatic spinal disease, osteoporosis), current techniques (e.g. through fenestrated pedicle screws), and discuss potential complications as well as practical tips for employing these techniques. Disclosures: Goodwin, Matthew L.: Consulting: Augmedics (A); Fellowship Support: AO Spine  (Salary, Fellowship Support), NREF (Salary, Fellowship Support); Royalties: Kendall Hunt (B); Stock Ownership: ROM3 (200 Shares, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Sciubba, Daniel M.: Consulting: Baxter (B), DePuy-Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), Nuvasive (B), Stryker (C). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Did you know that physicians, as a group, have lower work-life satisfaction compared to the general population? The consequences of burnout are borne both by the individual physician and the health care system. The recognition of burnout as a serious individual and institutional challenge is leading to an increased need to design, implement, and evaluate systems that promote well-being. Moderator Richard L. Skolasky, Jr., Sc.D. interviews Todd Albert, MD and Eric Muehlbauer, MJ, CAE on this very important topic to assist the listener in ultimately being able to identify and strategize to mitigate risk factors in their own lives or in the organization that they represent. Disclosures: Albert, Todd J.: Board of Directors: American Orthopaedic Association (Nonfinancial, Treasurer-Elect), Hospital For Special Surgery (None, Surgeon-in-Chief Emeritus and Medical Director), Scoliosis Research Society (Nonfinancial, Past President); Consulting: Nuvasive (B); Other: JP Medical Publishers (B), Saunders/Mosby- Elsevier (B), Springer (A), Thieme Medical Publishers (B); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): PCORI (D); Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ASIP (D), Augmedics (F), Biomerix (D, 42,253 Shares), Bonovo Orthopedics (D, 85,737 Shares), Crosstrees Medical  (D,  

Featuring: F. Todd Wetzel, MD; Carrie A. Diulus, MD; Mark Cuccuzella, MD Disclosures: Cuccuzella, Mark : Nothing to Disclose Diulus, Carrie A. : Trips/Travel: NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement).   Wetzel, F. Todd : Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (1%).  Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Lawrence G. Lenke, MD; Evan K. Johnson, PT, DPT, OCS; Neel Anand, MD Disclosures: Anand, Neel: Royalties: Medtronic (F), Nuvasive (B), Globus Medical (B), Elsevier (B); Stock Ownership: Globus (, unknown), Medtronics (, unknown); Private Investments: Paradigm Spine (, 1%, unknown), Bonovo Orthopaedics (, 1%, unknown), Pearl Diver (, 1%, unknown), Theracell (, 1%, unknown), GYS Tech (, 1%, unknown); Consulting: Spinal solutions (Financial, Stock options : Unknown ); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (Financial, 42000); Trips/Travel: Medtronic (Financial, Included with consulting fees); Scientific Advisory Board: Globus Medical (Financial, 0). Johnson, Evan K. : Nothing to Disclose. Lenke, Lawrence G.: Consulting: DePuy Synthes (D, Outside 12-Month Requirement), K2M (D, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Medtronic (I, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Device or Biologic Distribution Group (Physician-Owned Distributorship): Medtronic (I), Quality Medical Publishing  (A); Grants: Fox Family Foundation (A); Other: AOSpine (D, Paid directly to institution/employer), Broadwater (B), Scoliosis Research Society (B), The Spinal Research Foundation (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): EOS Imaging (A), Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation (A).     Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Douglas Pahl, MD interviews Karthik Madhavan, MD about a SpineLine articled he helped author titled, "Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Are We There Yet?". Dr. Madhavan talks about the exciting developments with augmented reality and how there is still much to learn in the cutting-edge technology. This article first appeared in the January/February 2020 edition of SpineLine. Access the article here.  Disclosures: Madhavan, Karthik : Nothing to Disclose   Pahl, Douglas W.: Consulting: Stryker (C, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other: Orthofix (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement); Stock Ownership: Nanovis (14,837 Shares, Paid directly to institution/employer), Trainer Rx (

Featuring: Joseph H. Schwab, MD; Andrew J. Schoenfeld, MD Disclosures: Schoenfeld, Andrew J.: Royalties: Wolters Kluwer, Springer (B); Consulting: ArborMetrix (C); Trips/Travel: JBJS (A); Other Office: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (C); Research Support - Staff and/or Materials: CMS (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Grants: Department of Defense (D, Paid directly to institution/employer), OREF (D, Paid directly to institution/employer), NIH (F, Paid directly to institution/employer).   Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph H Schwab, MD; Dan M Sciubba, MD; Ilya Laufer, MD Disclosures: Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AOSpine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement).  Sciubba, Dan: Consulting: Baxter (B), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), NuVasive (B), Stryker (C).   Laufer, Ilya : Consulting: BrainLab (A), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), SpineWave (B).  Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: F. Todd Wetzel, MD, John Ney, MD, Tara Stewart, PhD, DABNM Disclosures: Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (1%).  Ney, John: Board of Directors: American Society for Neuromonitoring (None); Consulting: Ceribell (B), SpecialtyCare (B); Other Office: American Academy of Neurology, Medical Economics and Management Committee (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: SpecialtyCare (Travel Expense Reimbursement).  Stewart, Tara: Private Investments: IONM Life LLC (Future Compensation Expected, Paid directly to institution/employer) Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Scott Blumenthal, MD, Richard D. Guyer, MD, Jack E. Zigler, MD Disclosures: Blumenthal, Scott: Royalties: Aesculap (A); Stock Ownership: FzioMed (1%), VertiFlex (1%), Centinel Spine (1%); Consulting: Sites Medical (None), Aesculap (C), Vertera (None), Bayliss Medical (C), Orthofix (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Aesculap (D), VertiFlex (B), Bayliss (None); Scientific Advisory Board: Aesculap (B), FzioMed (None), VertiFlex (B).  Richard D. Guyer, MD: Royalties: Alphatec (B); Stock Ownership: Spinal Motion (None); Private Investments: Spinal Ventures I and II (5%); Consulting: DePuy/Synthes (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Synthes (None); Scientific Advisory Board: K2M (B), Spinal Kinetics (Stock options), Nanovis (Stock options), Crocker Technologies (None), MiMedx (None); Fellowship Support: NuVasive (D, Paid directly to institution/employer).  Jack E. Zigler, MD: Consulting: Aesculap (C), Centinel Spine (C), FloSpine (B), Medtronic Spine (B), Orthofix (B), Simplify Medical (B); Royalties: Zimmer Spine (B); Scientific Advisory Board: Safe Orthopedics (Future Compensation Expected). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: F. Todd Wetzel, MD, Chris J. Main, MA, PhD, Gregory L. Whitcomb, DC Disclosures: Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (1%).  Main, Chris J.: Consulting: Medrisk Inc International Scientific Advisory Board (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Device or Biologic Distribution Group (Physician-Owned Distributorship): The Back Book (B).  Whitcomb, Gregory L.: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: North American Spine Society (B); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Scott Blumenthal, MD, Richard D. Guyer, MD, Jack E. Zigler, MD Disclosures: Blumenthal, Scott: Royalties: Aesculap (A); Stock Ownership: FzioMed (1%), VertiFlex (1%), Centinel Spine (1%); Consulting: Sites Medical (None), Aesculap (C), Vertera (None), Bayliss Medical (C), Orthofix (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Aesculap (D), VertiFlex (B), Bayliss (None); Scientific Advisory Board: Aesculap (B), FzioMed (None), VertiFlex (B).  Guyer, Richard D.: Royalties: Alphatec (B); Stock Ownership: Spinal Motion (None); Private Investments: Spinal Ventures I and II (5%); Consulting: DePuy/Synthes (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Synthes (None); Scientific Advisory Board: K2M (B), Spinal Kinetics (Stock options), Nanovis (Stock options), Crocker Technologies (None), MiMedx (None); Fellowship Support: NuVasive (D, Paid directly to institution/employer).  Zigler, Jack E.: Consulting: Aesculap (C), Centinel Spine (C), FloSpine (B), Medtronic Spine (B), Orthofix (B), Simplify Medical (B); Royalties: Zimmer Spine (B); Scientific Advisory Board: Safe Orthopedics (Future Compensation Expected). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[12 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Section Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “Are wakeups always prolonged with neuromonitoring under TIVA?” It’s a common complaint: we use TIVA for MEPs, but the patients take forever to wake up from anesthesia. To combat this problem, many surgeons elect to discontinue IONM earlier in the procedure. Did you know IONM has the technology to guide the anesthesia team through a faster wakeup in most cases? It requires communication and collaboration, but it’s easy to do. Here we review these techniques. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[3 of 3] In this newest episode from the Section on Spine Oncology , Drs. Schwab, Sciubba, and Goodwin discuss operating on neurofibromas.  Surgery on patients with neurofibromas can range from relatively straightforward (simple neurofibromas) to life-threatening (complex plexiform neurofibromas).  In patients with plexiform neurofibromas, particularly those near the spinal cord, care needs to be taken preoperatively, when considering surgical indications, as well as intra-operatively, where hemostasis can become challenging.   Disclosures: Goodwin, Matthew L.: Consulting: Augmedics (A); Fellowship Support: AO Spine  (Salary, Fellowship Support), NREF (Salary, Fellowship Support); Royalties: Kendall Hunt (B); Stock Ownership: ROM3 (200 Shares, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement),  Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Sciubba, Daniel M.: Consulting: Baxter (B), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), NuVasive (B), Stryker (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[11 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Section Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “Neuromonitoring lost their signals, now what?” Aside from checking wires and anesthesia, what else works? It turns out there is a lot one can do to restore signals. Here the Co-Chairs review these checks and interventions. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[10 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Section Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss, "Diagnostic accuracy of IONM from the neurophysiologist’s perspective." They review the traditional diagnostic table (i.e., ± alert, ± deficit) and consider other factors like intervention, resolution of data, type of monitoring modality, etc. They also present an advanced diagnostic table that is inclusive of these factors. This has major implications for developing and interpreting research. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[2 of 3] In this podcast, Matthew Goodwin, MD, PhD, of Washington University Orthopaedics/Barnes-Jewish and the Washington University Spine Tumor Center and Section on Spine Oncology Chair, discusses the question often asked of spine surgeons by other services, "Why do you need an X-ray when we have a CT, MRI, etc?"   Hear him address this question with a few short case examples, five of the main reasons he requests radiographs, and how each is critical to providing optimal care to the patient. Disclosure: Goodwin, Matthew L.: Consulting: Augmedics (A); Fellowship Support: AO Spine  (Salary, Fellowship Support), NREF (Salary, Fellowship Support); Royalties: Kendall Hunt (B); Stock Ownership: ROM3 (200 Shares, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Zorica Buser, PhD, Mark Erwin, DC, PhD Disclosures: Buser, Zorica: Consulting: AOSpine (B), Xenco Medical (B); Research Support (Investigator Salary): SeaSpine (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): SeaSpine (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AOSpine (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Erwin, William Mark: Board of Directors: Notogen (Stock Ownership disclosed); Grants: Skoll Family Trust (G,Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Investigator Salary): Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (D); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Skoll Family Trust (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Scientific Advisory Board: Notogen (Stock Ownership dislcosed); Stock Ownership (including options, warrants): Notogen Inc (33%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Christina L. Goldstein, MD, FRCSC, Scott D. Daffner, MD, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD Disclosures: Daffner, Scott D.: Consulting: Bioventus (B); Fellowship Support: AO Spine (E, Paid directly to institution/employer),  Medtronic (D, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Grants: AO Foundation (F, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer), CSRS (F, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other Office: CSRS (Research Committee), LSRS (Program Committee), NASS (Section on Biologics & Basic Research), NASS (Membership Committee); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Bioventus (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Pfizer (D, Paid directly to institution/employer), Spinal Kinetics (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Stock Ownership (including options, warrants): Amgen (less than 1%), Pfizer (less than 1%). Goldstein, Christina L.: Consulting: SpineSource (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AOSpine North America (B); Trips/Travel: AOSpine North America (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), DePuy Synthes Spine (A); Other Office: North American Spine Society (Nonfinancial, Coverage Committee, Section on Biologics and Basic Research); Grants: University of Missouri Coulter Translational Partnership (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (E). Schroeder, Gregory Douglas: Board of Directors: CSRS, Clinical Spine Surgery (Nonfinancial); Consulting: Zimmer (C), Stryker (C), Advanced Medical (C), Medtronic (C); Trips/Travel: Aospine (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[9 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Section Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “Is it really an alert? Whence the criteria?” The criteria for calling an alert in IONM have evolved over the years and many people don’t know what the latest research says. This causes a lot of false positives (and some false negatives). We review what really constitutes an alert and how you can use IONM to improve accuracy. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Evan K. Johnson, PT, DPT, OCS, Rick J. Placide, MD, PT Disclosures: Johnson, Evan K.: Nothing to Disclose   Placide, Rick J.: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[1 of 3] Hosted by Joseph H. Schwab, MD and Matthew L. Goodwin, MD, PhD, this episode by the Section on Spine Oncology discusses the question, "Why do we want to be concerned about systemic disease and predict survival?" The hosts review the concept of predictive modeling for spinal metastases and include discussion on NOMs and SINs criteria, reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of each and finishing up the talk by using the NOMs criteria to discuss systemic disease. Disclosures: Goodwin, Matthew L.: Consulting: Augmedics (A); Fellowship Support: AO Spine  (Salary, Fellowship Support), NREF (Salary, Fellowship Support); Royalties: Kendall Hunt (B); Stock Ownership: ROM3 (200 Shares, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[8 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Section Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “What can you do to improve accuracy of pedicle screw stimulation?” Pedicle screw stimulation was developed and tested under very specific methods, but very few people follow these methods, and this reduces the accuracy. We return to the basics and make recommendations that help even the most seasoned practitioner. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD, FRCSC, Paul M. Arnold, MD Disclosures: Arnold, Paul M.: Board of Directors: AANS/CNS Joint Section on Neurotrauma (Nonfinancial), CSRS (Nonfinancial), LSRS (Nonfinancial), SpineEx (1%); Consulting: Asterias (A, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Cerapedics (C), Medtronic (B), Spine Wave (B); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Evoke Medical, LLC (40%, Paid directly to institution/employer). Fehlings, Michael G.: Consulting: Fortuna Fix (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[7 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “Are there any real contraindications to MEPs?” This episode, the Co-Chairs cut through the common myths associated with MEP contraindications: there are no absolute contraindications and all of the relative contraindications have actually been shown to be quite safe.  Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Michael Y. Wang, MD, Michael P. Steinmetz, MD Disclosures: Steinmetz, Michael P.: Royalties: Biomet Spine (B); Consulting: Intellirod (A), Stryker Spine (B), Globus (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Stryker (B); Board of Directors: AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine (Chair Exhibits Committee), Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (Vice Chair); Scientific Advisory Board: Intellirod (B). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (less than 1%), Medical Device Partners (less than 1%); Consulting: Stryker (C), Spineology (C), K2M (C), DePuy Synthes (C); Scientific Advisory Board: Vallum (A). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[6 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “How can you use neuromonitoring to guide and optimize positioning for spine surgery?” The patient is finally in position and neuromonitoring can’t get baselines. What do you do? If you elect to intervene, it’s a long process to retest baselines in a neutral position. Then, you have to reposition all over again. Here the Co-Chairs present a fast, efficient, systematic way to position a patient for any spine surgery to ensure the spinal cord is stable, and all peripheral nerves and plexi are not compressed or stretched. Also, they talk about positioning possibilities for all patients; not just those with unstable spines. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Peter Witt, MD, Michael Y. Wang, MD Disclosures: Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (

Featuring: Mark M. Mikhael, MD, Christopher F. Wolf, MD, Nick Shamie, MD, Lisa A. Ferrara, PhD Disclosures: Ferrara, Lisa A.: Consulting: OrthoKinetic Technologies (Salary, Paid directly to institution/employer); Scientific Advisory Board: 4Web (less than 1%), Diamond Orthopedics (Salary, Paid directly to institution/employer). Mikhael, Mark M.: Consulting: Clariance Spine (B), GS Medical (B). Shamie, Nick: Nothing to Disclose Wolf, Christopher F.: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Nathaniel P. Brooks, MD, Khoi D. Than, MD, Michael P. Steinmetz, MD Disclosures: Brooks, Nathaniel P.: Other: NASS (Minimally Invasive Procedure Section Chair). Than, Khoi Duc: Consulting: Bioventus (B), Medtronic (A). Steinmetz, Michael P.: Royalties: Biomet Spine (B); Consulting: Intellirod (A), Stryker Spine (B), Globus (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Stryker (B); Board of Directors: AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine (Chair Exhibits Committee), Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (Vice Chair); Scientific Advisory Board: Intellirod (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Ronald G. Donelson, MD, MS, Ryan A. Tauzell, PT, MA, MDT, F. Todd Wetzel, MD Disclosures: Donelson, Ronald G.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chord Health Inc. (A); Stock Ownership: Chord Health Inc (A, 4%). Tauzell, Ryan A.: Other: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Moderator Chad Patton, MD, interviews SpineLine authors Sarah C. Rispinto, PhD and Kush Goyal, MD, to discuss their article, “A Biopsychosocial Approach in the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in a Large Hospital System: Program Feasibility and Initial Outcomes.”  The article first appeared in the July/August 2018 edition of SpineLine.  Access the article here.  Disclosures: Goyal, Kush K.: Nothing to Disclose Patton, Chad M.: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Baxter (B), Medtronic (B); Stock Ownership: Physiciancy Medical Scribes (

Featuring: Ronald G. Donelson, MD, MS, Ryan Tauzell, PT, MA, MDT, F. Todd Wetzel, MD Disclosures: Donelson, Ronald G.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chord Health Inc. (A); Stock Ownership: Chord Health Inc (A, 4%). Tauzell, Ryan A.: Other: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[5 of 12] Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “Does use of IONM necessarily add time to your surgery?”  The short answer is yes, but a closer look will show that it is negligible if the IONM team can work efficiently and in collaboration with the rest of the patient care team in the operating room. We’ll discuss how setup can be optimized, and how baselines can be acquired in as little as 30 seconds. We’ll also show how improved communication can reduce false positives and keep the surgery moving smoothly.  Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph H. Schwab, MD, Ilya Laufer, MD, Daniel M. Sciubba, MD Disclosures: Laufer, Ilya: Consulting: BrainLab (A), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), SpineWave (B). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement), Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Sciubba, Daniel M.: Consulting: Baxter (B), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), NuVasive (B), Stryker (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph S. Butler, PhD, FRCS, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD Disclosures: Butler, Joseph S.: Nothing to Disclose   Schroeder, Gregory Douglas: Board of Directors: CSRS, Clinical Spine Surgery (Nonfinancial); Consulting: Zimmer (C), Stryker (C), Advanced Medical (C), Medtronic (C); Trips/Travel: Aospine (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[4 of 12] Hear Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, "What are the anesthetic recommendations for neuromonitoring in various spine surgeries and why?”  The Co-Chairs discuss when and why they recommend total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) vs 0.5 MAC. Is Ketamine really beneficial to MEPs? Why is Precedex contraindicated for MEPs? What train-of-four ratio is recommended for monitoring, when and why? They’ll answer all these questions and more. Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Joseph H. Schwab, MD, Ilya Laufer, MD, Daniel M. Sciubba, MD Disclosures:  Laufer, Ilya: Consulting: BrainLab (A), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), SpineWave (B). Schwab, Joseph H.: Scientific Advisory Board: Chordoma Foundation (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Outside 12-Month Requirement),  Stryker Spine (B, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Sciubba, Daniel M.: Consulting: Baxter (B), DePuy Synthes (B), Globus (B), Medtronic (C), NuVasive (B), Stryker (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Paul R. Gause, MD, Sandeep N. Gidvani, MD  Disclosures: Gause, Paul R.: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (C). Gidvani, Sandeep N.: Consulting: Xenco Medical  (B), Seaspine  (None), Spinal Balance  (None), SI Bone (None), Nuvasive (None). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[3 of 12] Hear Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “Why does IONM need access to my patients and their charts before and after surgery?”  It’s not uncommon for hospitals/surgeons to prohibit the IONM team from interfacing with the patient before surgery. In addition to needing informed consent, the team needs to assess the patient’s neuro status and history to interpret the IONM data. Imaging/charts help to develop an appropriate IONM plan. Facesheets are essential to reimbursement. When the IONM team is unable to access patient records, they are monitoring in the dark (and for free). Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Michael Y. Wang, MD, Michael P. Steinmetz, MD  Disclosures: Steinmetz, Michael P.: Royalties: Biomet Spine (B); Consulting: Intellirod (A), Stryker Spine (B), Globus (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Stryker (B); Board of Directors: AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine (Chair Exhibits Committee), Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (Vice Chair); Scientific Advisory Board: Intellirod (B). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (

Featuring: Gregory L. Whitcomb, DC, F. Todd Wetzel, MD  Disclosures: Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (

Diana Wiseman, MD (Public Affairs Committee Member) and Donna Lahey, RNFA, CNOR (Author) discuss the Socioeconomics & Politics article, "Drowning in Denials: The Insurance Denial & Appeal Process," which was published in the May/June 2018 issue of NASS' SpineLine magazine. Access the article here. Disclosures: Lahey, Donna M.: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: NASS (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Wiseman, Diana Barrett: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[2 of 12] Hear from Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, "Neuromonitoring in spine surgery, can't anyone cover the case?" Did you know IONM is learned through on-the-job training, licensure does not exist, and certifications are not required for the technologist in your OR? After initial training, technologists can monitor very basic cases (e.g., PLIF), but they should spend years in training to learn more complex procedures (deformity, tumors). If a surgery isn’t booked accurately, the surgeon might get a very junior person assigned to a very complex case. Here we inform the listener of common practices around determining “competency” for performing IONM in spine surgery.  Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Richard Vogel, PhD, DABNM, Adam Doan, DC, DABNM, Anthony K. Sestokas, PhD, DABNM  Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Sestokas, Anthony K.: Other Office: Journal Of Clinical Monitoring And Computing (Editorial board), NASS Section On Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (Member of Section on IONM), SpecialtyCare (F, Chief Clinical Officer - IONM; Salary); Stock Ownership: KSPC Holdings (C) Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Eeric Truumees, MD, E. Kano Mayer, MD, John Stokes, MD, Enrique B. Pena, MD  Disclosures: Mayer, E. Kano A.: Stock Ownership: Infinite Orthopedics (less than 1%); Private Investments: Lanai Health Solutions (30%); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: North America Spine Society (B); Trips/Travel: NASS (B). Pena, Enrique B.: Nothing to Disclose Stokes, John: Royalties: Genesys Orthopedics (F); Stock Ownership: SMV Scientific (50871 Shares, 1%, Ownership is 0.52%), DiFusion Technologies, Inc. (16235 Shares); Scientific Advisory Board: DiFusion Technologies, Inc. (Nonfinancial, 15000 options were awarded for work related to the Scientific Advisory Board.). Truumees, Eeric: Board of Directors: Seton Family of Doctors (No additional pay, part of base compensation); Other Office: AAOS Communications Cabinet (E); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Dova Pharmaceuticals (A, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Pfizer (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Relievant (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Stryker Spine (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Vertex Pharma (D, Study cancelled, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AAOS (Travel Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Jack Jallo, MD, PhD, FACS, Srinivas K. Prasad, MD, Joshua E. Heller, MD, MBA  Disclosures: Heller, Joshua E.: Consulting: Nuvasive (D),  Providence Medical Technology (D),  SI Bone (C). Jallo, Jack: Nothing to Disclose   Prasad, Srinivas K.: Royalties: Stryker Spine (D); Consulting: Stryker Spine (D), Globus Medical (B), SpineWave (B), Depuy-Synthes (C); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Stryker Spine (D), Depuy-Synthes (B); Board of Directors: AKOS Health Systems (Nonfinancial, Board Member, Investor); Fellowship Support: AO Spine (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), NREF (E, Paid directly to institution/employer). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Dr. Vivek Mohan discusses Lumbar Spine Fusion with one of his former patients. Disclosure: Mohan, Vivek: Consulting: AIM Specialty Health (B), Baxter (B), Seaspine (C); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Providence Medical (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Featuring: Christopher M. Bono, MD, F. Todd Wetzel, MD, William C. Watters, MD, MS Disclosures: Bono, Christopher M.: Royalties: Wolters Kluwer (A), Elsevier (B); Consulting: United Health Care (B); Other Office: The Spine Journal (D); Fellowship Support: OMEGA (D, Paid directly to institution/employer). Watters, William C.: Board of Directors: American Board Of Spine Surgery (None); Consulting: Interqual (B), Intrinsic Therapeutics (A), MCG Health (None). Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

[1 of 12] Hear Section on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) Co-Chairs Dr. Rich Vogel and Dr. Adam Doan discuss the question, “What information is critical to communicate to the IONM team and how far in advance of surgery?” It’s not uncommon for the IONM team to learn the details of the surgical procedure after incision, as it unfolds. This poses a number of problems. The IONM team needs to know detailed surgical plan, diagnosis and patient insurance information at least 48-hours in advance for non-emergent surgery. This will make IONM less likely to fail because the IONM team can make sure the correct equipment/electrodes/people are in the room, and the correct tests are being run with optimized anesthesia. This will also limit common issues with insurance.  Disclosures: Doan, Adam: Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Veridical RCM, LLC (D). Vogel, Richard: Board of Directors: American Board Of Neurophysiologic Monitoring (Nonfinancial, Examiner for Board), American Society Of Neurophysiological Monitoring (Nonfinancial, President of the Society (2019-2020)); Consulting: Medicolegal Expert Witness Consulting (D); Other: NuVasive (Salary); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Neurophysiology Services Australia (None); Trips/Travel: North American Spine Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement), University Of Sydney (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Faisel Zaman, MD, Chair of the Patient Education Committee, discusses acute back pain. Disclosure: Zaman, Faisel M.: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Faisel Zaman, MD, Chair of the Patient Education Committee, discusses causes and treatments for degenerative disc disease. Disclosure: Zaman, Faisel M.: Nothing to Disclose Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Douglas Pahl, MD (Public Affairs Committee Chair), William Sullivan, MD (SpineLine Medical Editor) and Andrew Pugely, MD (Author) discuss the Value in Spine Care article, "Physician and Hospital Reputation Management: How to Navigate the Quagmire of Public Quality Rankings, Patient Satisfaction and Online Review," which was published in the March/April 2018 issue of NASS' SpineLine magazine. Access the article here.  Disclosures: Pahl, Douglas W.: Stock Ownership: Nanovis (14,837 Shares, Paid directly to institution/employer), Trainer Rx (less than 1%), Vertera (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: Medtronic (Nonfinancial, Outside 12-Month Requirement). Pugely, Andrew J.: Royalties: Globus Medical (A); Consulting: Globus Medical (B); Other: AAOS (Nonfinancial, Coding Committee). Sullivan, William J.: Board of Directors: NASS (Board of Directors, Executive Committee); Trips/Travel: NASS (B). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Chad Patton, MD (Public Affairs Committee Chair), William Sullivan, MD (SpineLine Medical Editor) and Emily Miller, MD (Review Author) discuss the Invited Review article on "Risk Stratification and the Future of Spine Surgery," which was published in the January/February 2018 issue of NASS' SpineLine magazine. Access the article here. Disclosures: Patton, Chad M.: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Baxter (B), Medtronic (B); Stock Ownership: Physiciancy Medical Scribes (

Saralyn Mark, MD (iGIANT, Yale University, Georgetown University), Kimberly J. Templeton, MD (University of Kansas) and Gregory Whitcomb, DC (Medical College of Wisconsin) discuss women’s issues in spine care.   Disclosures: Mark, Saralyn: Nothing to Disclose Templeton, Kimberly J.: Nothing to Disclose  Whitcomb, Gregory L.: Nothing to Disclose  Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Sigurd Berven, MD (University of California San Francisco) and Michael Y. Wang, MD, FACS (The University of Miami) discuss the practice of and future of pedicle subtraction osteotomies. Disclosures: Berven, Sigurd H.: Consulting: Innovasis (B), Medicrea (C), Medtronic (C); Fellowship Support: Globus Medical (D); Grants: AO Spine (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Globus (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Private Investments: Green Sun Medical (50,000 Shares); Royalties: Stryker (F); Scientific Advisory Board: Globus Medical (Stock options); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (B), Stryker Spine (B); Stock Ownership: Globus Medical (25,000 Shares), Providence Medical (2,500 Shares); Trips/Travel: Scoliosis Research Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (

Daniel Resnick, MS, MD (Madison, WI), Eeric Truumees, MD (Austin, TX), Zoher Ghogawala, MD (Boston, MA) and Jeffrey Wang, MD (Los Angeles, CA) discuss the trends in treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Disclosures: Ghogawala, Zoher: Board of Directors: Cervical Spine Research Society (Nonfinancial, Research Committee Chair, Registry Director), GN2.0-Nidus (66%), Joint Spine Section - AANS-CNS (Nonfinancial, Chair). Resnick, Daniel K.: Scientific Advisory Board: NIDUS (None). Truumees, Eeric: Board of Directors: Seton Family of Doctors (No additional pay, part of base compensation); Other Office: AAOS Communications Cabinet (E); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Dova Pharmaceuticals (A, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Pfizer (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Relievant (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), Stryker Spine (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Vertex Pharma (D, Study cancelled, Outside 12-Month Requirement, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AAOS (Travel Reimbursement). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Chris Steyn, MD (McMaster University) and Christina Goldstein MD, FRCSC (University of Missouri) discuss quality of life for patients with metastatic disease of the spine. Disclosures: Steyn, Chris : Nothing to Disclose   Goldstein, Christina L.: Consulting: SpineSource (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AOSpine North America (B); Trips/Travel: AOSpine North America (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), DePuy Synthes Spine (A); Other Office: North American Spine Society (Nonfinancial, Coverage Committee, Section on Biologics and Basic Research); Grants: University of Missouri Coulter Translational Partnership (C, Paid directly to institution/employer), Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (E). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Sigurd Berven, MD (University of California San Francisco) and Michael Y. Wang, MD, FACS (The University of Miami) review proximal junctional kyphosis. Disclosures: Berven, Sigurd H.: Consulting: Innovasis (B), Medicrea (C), Medtronic (C); Fellowship Support: Globus Medical (D); Grants: AO Spine (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Globus (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Private Investments: Green Sun Medical (50,000 Shares); Royalties: Stryker (F); Scientific Advisory Board: Globus Medical (Stock options); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (B), Stryker Spine (B); Stock Ownership: Globus Medical (25,000 Shares), Providence Medical (2,500 Shares); Trips/Travel: Scoliosis Research Society (Travel Expense Reimbursement, Paid directly to institution/employer). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (less than 1%), Medical Device Partners (

Thomas E. Dreisinger, PhD, FACSM, Ezequiel D. Gherscovici, PT and Evan K. Johnson, PT, DPT, OCS discuss physical therapy before and after spine surgery. Disclosures: Dreisinger, Ted E.: Nothing to Disclose Gherscovici, Ezequiel D.: Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: The McKenzie institute (Financial, USD $4,000). Johnson, Evan K.: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

A. Jay Khanna, MD (Johns Hopkins University) and Charles A. Reitman, MD (The Medical University of South Carolina Charleston) discuss management and complication of spine instrumentations in the treatment of osteoporosis. Disclosures: Khanna, A. Jay: Consulting: Orthofix Spine (C); Device or Biologic Distribution Group (Physician-Owned Distributorship): Ortho Development (B), Thieme Medical Publishers (B); Grants: Siemens Healthcare (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other Office: Johns Hopkins Center for Bioengineering, Innovation and Design (Advisory Board, Paid directly to institution/employer); Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Avitus Orthopaedics (9%), Cortical Concepts (16%), New Era Orthopaedics (15%); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AOSpine North America (B); Trips/Travel: AOSpine North America (A). Reitman, Charles A.: Board of Directors: NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Other: NASS (Nonfinancial); Scientific Advisory Board: Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research (B, Paid directly to institution/employer). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Scott L. Blumenthal, MD (Texas Back Institute), Rolando Garcia Jr., MD, MPH (Miami, FL) and Gregory D. Schroeder, MD (The Rothman Institute) answer the question of whether surgery is an option for axial back pain. Disclosures: Blumenthal, Scott L.: Royalties: Aesculap (A); Stock Ownership: FzioMed (

Saralyn Mark, MD (iGIANT, Yale University, Georgetown University) and Gregory Whitcomb, DC (Medical College of Wisconsin) discuss the impact of gender on new technology in spine care. Disclosures: Mark, Saralyn: Nothing to Disclose Whitcomb, Gregory L.: Nothing to Disclose   Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Scott L. Blumenthal, MD, Rolando Garcia Jr., MD, MPH and Gregory D. Schroeder, MD debate anterior versus posterior cervical myelopathy. Disclosures: Blumenthal, Scott L.: Royalties: Aesculap (A); Stock Ownership: FzioMed (less than 1%), VertiFlex (less than 1%), Centinel Spine (less than 1%); Consulting: Sites Medical (None), Aesculap (C), Vertera (None), Bayliss Medical (C), Orthofix (None); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Aesculap (D), VertiFlex (B), Bayliss (None); Scientific Advisory Board: Aesculap (B), FzioMed (None), VertiFlex (B). Garcia, Rolando: Consulting: Aesculap Implant Systems (C),  Centinel Spine (A); Device or Biologic Distribution Group (Physician-Owned Distributorship): Aesculap (C); Scientific Advisory Board: Aesculap Implant System (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Aesculap Implant Systems (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Trips/Travel: Aesculap Implant Systems (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Schroeder, Gregory Douglas: Board of Directors: CSRS, Clinical Spine Surgery (Nonfinancial); Consulting: Zimmer (C), Stryker (C), Advanced Medical (C), Medtronic (C); Trips/Travel: Aospine (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Brandon Lawrence, MD (University of Utah) and Harvey E. Smith, MD (University of Pennsylvania Department of Orthopaedic Surgery) discuss cellular-based allografts. Disclosures: Lawrence, Brandon Douglas: Board of Directors: AO Spine North America (Nonfinancial, Paid directly to institution/employer),  Cervical Spine Research Society (Nonfinancial, Paid directly to institution/employer); Fellowship Support: AO Spine North America (E, Paid directly to institution/employer); Trips/Travel: AO Spine North America (B, Paid directly to institution/employer). Smith, Harvey E.: Stock Ownership: Johnson And Johnson (200 Shares, 100.00%); Trips/Travel: Biedermann Medtech (A), Depuy/Johnson&Johnson (A), Nuvasive (Nonfinancial), Stryker (A). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Matthew Smuck, MD (Stanford University) and Joshua E. Heller, MD (Thomas Jefferson University) discuss patient selection for sacroiliac dysfunction. Disclosure: Heller, Joshua E.: Consulting: Nuvasive (D),  Providence Medical Technology (D),  SI Bone (C). Smuck, Matthew: Board of Directors: Spine Intervention Society (None); Consulting: Consultant & expert witness - State Farm (F), Spine Biopharma (Future Compensation Expected); Grants: Relievant Medsystems (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), ReWalk (E, Paid directly to institution/employer); Private Investments: Vivametrica (15.00%); Scientific Advisory Board: BlueJay Mobile-Health (Stock options), NuSpine (Stock options); Stock Ownership: BlueJay Mobile-Health (less than 1%), NuSpine (less than 1%); Trips/Travel: Spine Intervention Society, Board of Directors (B, Travel Expenses). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Zoher Ghogawala, MD, FACS (Lahey Clinic and Tufts University School of Medicine) and Srinivas K. Prasad, MD (Thomas Jefferson University) address decision making process regarding cervical myelopathy. Disclosures: Ghogawala, Zoher: Board of Directors: Cervical Spine Research Society (Nonfinancial, Research Committee Chair, Registry Director), GN2.0-Nidus (66%), Joint Spine Section - AANS-CNS (Nonfinancial, Chair). Prasad, Srinivas K.: Royalties: Stryker Spine (D); Consulting: Stryker Spine (D), Globus Medical (B), SpineWave (B), Depuy-Synthes (C); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Stryker Spine (D), Depuy-Synthes (B); Board of Directors: AKOS Health Systems (Nonfinancial, Board Member, Investor); Fellowship Support: AO Spine (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), NREF (E, Paid directly to institution/employer). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Jeffrey C. Wang, MD (University of Southern California Spine Center), Raymond J. Hah, MD (Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California), John C. France, MD (West Virginia University) and Sheeraz A. Qureshi, MD, MBA (Mount Sinai School of Medicine) discuss laminoplasty vs. anterior cervical fusion. Disclosures: France, John C.: Nothing to Disclose   Hah, Raymond J: Consulting: Nuvasive (D). Qureshi, Sheeraz A: Board of Directors: Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Group (Nonfinancial); Consulting: Globus (B),  K2M (D), Paradigm Spine (C), RTI (Nonfinancial), Stryker Spine (D); Other: Healthgrades (B); Other Office: AAOS (Nonfinancial, Evaluations Committee member), CSRS (Nonfinancial, Program Committee), CSRS (Nonfinancial, Survey Committee), NASS (Nonfinancial, MIS Committee), NASS (Nonfinancial, Value Committee); Private Investments (including venture capital, start-ups): Avaz Surgical (2%), Vital 5 (2%); Scientific Advisory Board: Onpoint Surgical, Inc. (Nonfinancial), Zimmer (Nonfinancial); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Globus (Nonfinancial), Medtronic (Nonfinancial), Stryker (Nonfinancial). Wang, Jeffrey C.: Board of Directors: AOFoundation (C), Cervical Spine Research Society (Travel Expenses), North American Spine Society (Travel Expenses); Fellowship Support: AO Foundation (E, Paid directly to institution/employer); Private Investments: Bone Biologics (less than 1%), electrocore (less than 1%), pearldiver (less than 1%), surgitech (less than 1%); Royalties: Amedica (B), Biomet (F), DePuy Synthes (C), SeaSpine (C). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD (Thomas Jefferson University), Rick C. Sasso, MD (Indiana Spine Group and Indiana University School of Medicine), Carlo Bellabarba, MD (University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center) and Christopher K. Kepler, MD, MBA (Thomas Jefferson University) discuss type II odontoid fractures. Disclosures: Bellabarba, Carlo: Nothing to Disclose   Kepler, Christopher K.: Grants: NIH (I, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other Office: Clinical Spine Surgery (Nonfinancial); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): CSRS (D, Paid directly to institution/employer), RTI (C, Paid directly to institution/employer); Royalties: Inion (None). Sasso, Rick C.: Board of Directors: Cervical Spine Research Society (None); Consulting: NuVasive (C); Research Support (Staff and/or materials): Cerapedics (E, Paid directly to institution/employer), Medtronic (B, Paid directly to institution/employer), Smith and Nephew (D, Paid directly to institution/employer); Royalties: Medtronic (I). Vaccaro, Alexander R.: Board of Directors: AO Spine (Knowledge Forum Director), Flagship Surgical (None),  Innovative Surgical Design (None), Parvizi Surgical Innovation (Nonfinancial), Prime Surgeons (Nonfinancial), Progressive Spinal Technologies (Nonfinancial), Spine Therapy Network Inc (Nonfinancial); Consulting: Atlas Spine (B), Depuy (None), Gerson Lehrman Group (None), Globus (C), Guidepoint Global (B), Innovative Surgical Design (None), Medtronics (B), Nuvasive (None), Orthobullets (None), Spine Wave (B), Stout Medical (None), Stryker Spine (F); Other: Clinical Spine Surgery (Editor in Chief); Royalties: Elsevier (B),  Globus (F), JayPee Books (A), Medtronic (E), Stryker Spine (F), Taylor Francis (A), Thieme (B); Stock Ownership (including options, warrants): Advanced Spinal Intellectual Properties (30%), Avaz Surgical (less than 1%), Bonovo Orthopaedics (less than 1%), Computational Biodynamics (less than 1%),  Cytonics (less than 1%), Dimension Orthotics LLC (less than 1%), Electrocore (D), Flagship Surgical (less than 1%), FlowPharma (less than 1%), Franklin Bioscience (less than 1%), Globus (111,098 shares), Innovative Surgical Design (less than 1%), Insight Therapeutics (less than 1%), Nuvasive (less than 1%),  Paradigm Spine (less than 1%), Parvizi Surgical Innovation (less than 1%), Prime Surgeons (less than 1%), Progressive Spinal Technology (less than 1%),  Replication Medica (less than 1%), Spine Medica (less than 1%), Spinology (less than 1%), Stout Medical (631 shares), Vertiflex (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Charles A. Reitman, MD (Medical University of South Carolina Department of Orthopaedics), Michael Y. Wang, MD (University of Miami Hospital) and Michael D. Daubs, MD (University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine) discuss degenerative scoliosis. Disclosures: Reitman, Charles A.: Board of Directors: NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Other: NASS (Nonfinancial); Scientific Advisory Board: Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research (B, Paid directly to institution/employer). Wang, Michael Y.: Royalties: DePuy Synthes Spine (F); Stock Ownership: ISD (less than 1%), Medical Device Partners (less than 1%); Consulting: Stryker (C), Spineology (C), K2M (C), DePuy Synthes (C); Scientific Advisory Board: Vallum (A). Daubs, Michael D.: Board of Directors: AO Spine North America (B, Paid directly to institution/employer),  Cervical Spine Research Society (Nonfinancial, Paid directly to institution/employer), Lumbar Spine Research Society (Nonfinancial, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other: The Spine Journal (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Research Support (Investigator Salary): Pfizer (B, Paid directly to institution/employer); Royalties: Depuy Synthes (F, Paid directly to institution/employer). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Norman B. Chutkan, MD, FACS (University of Arizona College of Medicine and The CORE Institute), Michael J. Vives, MD (Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School) and F. Todd Wetzel, MD (Temple University School of Medicine) address complications. Disclosures: Chutkan, Norman B.: Royalties: Globus Medical (D); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AO North America (Nonfinancial, Travel Expense Reimbursement); Board of Directors: NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement). Vives, Michael J.: Private Investments: Accelalox (less than 1%), CreOsso (8%), NOC2  (less than 1%); Other Office: AAOS (Nonfinancial, Spine Content Committee), NASS (Nonfinancial, Spine Journal Advisory Editorial Board), J of Spinal Cord Medicine (Nonfinancial, Associate Editor); Grants: National Science Foundation (F, Paid directly to institution/employer), North American Spine Society (D, Paid directly to institution/employer). Wetzel, F. Todd: Stock Ownership: Relievant Medical (less than 1%). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+

Alan Dang, MD (University of California San Francisco) and Wellington K. Hsu, MD (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine) address 3D printing. Disclosures:  Dang, Alan: Stock Ownership: PrinterPrezz, Inc. (2%); Consulting: Johnson & Johnson (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: Medtronic (None); Other Office: PrinterPrezz, Inc (Co-founder, Chief Medical Officer); Other: Ratcliffe/Ge/Dang (Co-inventor). Hsu, Wellington K.: Royalties: Stryker (F); Consulting: Stryker (F), AlloSource (B), Wright Medical (B), Medtronic (B), Mirus (B); Speaking and/or Teaching Arrangements: AONA (A); Trips/Travel: Stryker (B), Medtronic (B), Micro Medicine (A); Board of Directors: Lumbar Spine Research Society (None), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (None), North American Spine Society (None), Cervical Spine Research Society (None); Scientific Advisory Board: Bioventus (None); Grants: Medtronic (E, Paid directly to institution/employer). Key: A: $100-$1,000; B: $1001-$10,000; C: $10,001-$25,000; D: $25,001-$50,000; E: $50,001-$100,000; F: $100,001- $500,000; G: $500,001-$1M; H: $1,000,001- $2.5M; I: $2.5M+