The Reluctant Theologian Podcast

In today’s episode, I want to answer some listener questions, and follow up on my recent dialogue with William Lane Craig on God, time, and creation. I’ve been getting a lot of questions sent into the website, and Rodney and I are struggling to keep up. Soon I will be getting some summer interns from Palm Beach Atlantic University to help me out, so stay tuned for some exciting announcements about that. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a lecturer and researcher at the University of Lucerne. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today’s episode, I have Thomas Jay Oord back on. We are looking at St Augustine’s view of divine love. Tom argues that his own kenotic view of God’s love is better than Augustine’s. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University and the University of Lucerne. Guest: Thomas Jay Oord (PhD, Claremont University) is the director of the Center for Open and Relational Theology.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today’s episode I have professor Kate Finley from Hope College. We cover all sorts of things today. We are going to talk about the problem of evil. We are going to talk about mental disorders. And we are going to talk about finding meaning in life. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University and the University of Lucerne. Guest: Kate Finley (PhD, University of Notre Dame) is an assistant professor of philosophy at Hope College.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

I recorded this episode a year ago, but I have been sitting on it. I have been hesitant to release this episode because it expresses raw emotions and a little bit of explicit language. It is an episode responding to listener questions about struggles with faith and doubt. I have decided to release it because I think that your questions about how to deal with doubt are important. Does the providential God care about you? How should you think about God’s providence? Stick around for some terrible advice from yours truly. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of Lucerne and Palm Beach Atlantic University. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Today I have a lighthearted episode for you. Ema Sani and I consider a bunch of fun and silly listener questions about God, the holidays, heavy metal, fast food, Christmas music, and more.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of Lucerne and Palm Beach Atlantic University. Guest: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow).  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In this episode, I talk about the elephant in the room. Some people in the Reformed Thomist crowd are just plain mean towards everyone they disagree with. I want to help you identify red flags, but I also want to identify good people within the Reformed Thomist camp who are worth paying attention to. That way we can all do theology better together. I also chat about my episode with Owen Strachan, and offer my own assessment of his argument against Thomistic soteriology.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of Lucerne. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

The Southern Baptists seem to be completely obsessed with Thomas Aquinas these days. Of all the dead theologians that one could flock towards, the Baptists are all about the Dumb Ox right now. But what exactly is this Reformed Thomism? Does Reformed Thomism offer a biblical view of salvation? In today’s episode, I’ve got Owen Strachan on to answer these questions and more! Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University. Guest: Owen Strachan (PhD, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is the provost and research professor of theology at Grace Bible Theological Seminary.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

I was recently hanging out in Florida at the Palm Beach Atlantic apologetics conference. I got to meet some amazing people like my new colleagues and students. It was a great time. In today’s episode, I want to give you a taste of what I presented in Florida. I will address 3 objections to the coherence of theism. Can God create an unmovable stone? Can God perform a sinful action? Can a timeless God know what is happening right now? Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

When times are tough, where do you place your hope? Where do you place your trust that all things will be made well in the end? Do you place your assurance in God? Well, that probably depends on what you think God is like. In today’s episode, I want to explore the classical doctrine of immutability, or the claim that God cannot change. I want to ask if immutability is necessary in order for God to be trustworthy in His promises. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

What exactly is the relationship between the mind and the brain? Can scientifically studying spiritual experiences give us any insight into the mind/body problem? If we look at near death experiences, mediums, and reincarnation will we see evidence that the mind is more than the brain? Or will considering spiritual experiences make me look like a crazy person? In order to figure this out I decided to have a chat with a psychiatrist named Alexander Moreira-Almeida. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University. Guest: Alexander Moreira-Almeida (PhD, Federal University of Juiz de Fora; MD, University of Sao Paulo) is an associate professor of psychiatry at Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Last spring, Anastasia Scrutton asked me to come to the University of Leeds to record some episodes. She was hosting a workshop on mental health and theology. Today’s episode is the first recording from that workshop. Today, I have Jose Eduardo Porcher on to talk about epistemic injustice, psychosis, and religious experience. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a visiting professor of philosophy at Palm Beach Atlantic University. Guest: Jose Eduardo Porcher (PhD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) is a researcher at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

At the recent Helsinki Analytic Theology workshop, I got the opportunity to sit down with the one and only Robin :e Poidevin from the University of Leeds. We chat about God’s relationship to space, the nature of omnipresence, and the interaction between theology and different views on the ontology of space.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Robin Le Poidevin (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of metaphysics at the University of Leeds. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today's episode, I open up the mailbag to take some listener questions. In Act 1, I talk about Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and Internet Thomism. In Act 2, I offer my critique of Jc Beall's "Contradictory Christology." In Act 3, I defend some of my recent criticisms of open theism.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Crawling forth from the icy pits of Helsinki, I have Olli-Pekka Vainio on to discuss humanity's fall from grace and the morality of original sin. We get into all sorts of related topics such as providence, human free will, and theodicy. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Olli-Pekka Vainio (PhD, University of Helsinki) is university lecturer in systematic theology, University of Helsinki. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

There is a dangerous trend across American evangelical universities and seminaries. Christian schools do not know how to treat faculty with dignity or respect. They also don't seem to know how to hire Christlike presidents to run their schools. In this episode, I expose mismanagement of funds, bullying, sex scandals, and the poor treatment of theology and philosophy professors. This episode is in three acts. Act 1: The Dangerous Trend, quickly covers a number of scandals across multiple Christian schools in the US. Act 2: Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, discusses some of the recent scandals at Trinity, including president Nicholas Perrin comparing professors to Judas before making cuts to staff and faculty. Act 3: Business or Christian Education? examines Trinity's current marketing and promotional strategies, the way that they treat former professors, and how Trinity hired two new Vice Presidents after letting go of multiple professors for financial reasons.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Somehow I have managed to hit 100 episodes. So in today's episode I reflect on my move back to the US, The Black Dahlia Murder, mental health, providence, and the future of the show.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions.  rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In the last episode you heard a chat between me, Mike DeVito, and Tyler McNabb. We were considering some potential problems for neoclassical theism related to omnisubjectivity and foreknowledge. In this episode, I offer some of my current reflections on the matter. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. ICEPEAK--Dead But Pretty. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Neoclassical theists affirm that God knows the future. Many neoclassical theists, like myself, also say that God is passible, and has a rich emotional life. But there might be a problem here. In today’s episode, I have Tyler McNabb and Mike DeVito. We are discussing a new paper of theirs that critiques my own understanding of God as passible and having foreknowledge. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Tyler McNabb (PhD, University of Glasgow) is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of St Joseph.  Guest: Mike DeVito is a PhD student at the University of Birmingham.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. We Butter the Bread with Butter--Jump n' Run. Burn it Down--Kill Their Idols. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today's episode, I identify a new group of people that I will call the new classical theists. They are like new atheists in that they have a lot of strong rhetoric, but very little by way of cogent arguments. First, I offer a brief discussion on models of God. Then I consider different claims from people like Edward Feser, Thomas Weinandy, Gerald Bray, and Matthew Barrett. I articulate their arguments against neoclassical theism. I explain why their arguments are not solid critiques of neoclassical theism. One of the major problems is that nothing they say remotely resembles neoclassical theism or any serious model of God.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. We Butter the Bread with Butter--Jump n' Run. Burn it Down--Kill Their Idols.  rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today's episode, I give you a taster of my course at the University of Lucerne on God, Freedom, and Evil. I run through some different theodicies related to the best possible world, soul-building, and free will. I also consider Graham Oppy's new logical problem of evil.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. We Butter the Bread with Butter--Jump n' Run. Burn it Down--Kill Their Idols. rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Craig Carter has made a lot of striking claims about non-classical models of God on social media, in magazines, and in publications. But can Carter actually back up any of his claims? I remain skeptical that he can. In today’s episode, I have Dr. Andrew Hollingsworth and Jordan Steffaniak on to talk about their new paper on Craig Carter, classical theism, and creation ex nihilo. They examine Carter’s claims against non-classical models of God, and argue that Carter has not been able to justify them. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Andrew Hollingsworth (PhD, New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary) is an adjunct professor of philosophy at Delgado Community College, and project manager for the William Lane Craig Center for Christian Philosophy, Theology, and Apologetics.  Guest: Jordan Steffaniak is a PhD student in philosophy at the University of Birmingham, and the co-host of the London Lyceum podcast.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today's episode, I reach into the mailbag to get some listener questions. I have questions about my own model of God, Colossians 2 and Christian philosophy, anxiety about changing your beliefs, studying with me, and the war in Ukraine.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions.  rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Last October I was on a panel discussion at the World Parliament of Religions. I presented a paper called, "Is God a Psychopath?" In today's episode, I present a longer version of that paper. I consider the classical theistic claim that God does not literally have empathy and compassion. I argued that this entails that God is a psychopath. This is a bad thing because it goes against standard accounts of the emotional profile of beings with perfect moral goodness.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions. Brand of Sacrifice--Life Blood. Empathy Test--Monsters.  rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today's episode, I respond to Matt Walsh's hot take on the nature of time and the Sunshine Protection Act.  Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions.  rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Christianity proclaims that God is love, but opinions differ about what that means. People also disagree over what the implications of divine love are for doctrines like creation and hell. In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr Jordan Wessling to discuss his recent book, Love Divine: A Systematic Account of God’s Love for Humanity. We get into all sorts of interesting topics related to love, rationality, emotions, creation, and hell. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Jordan Wessling (PhD, University of Bristol) is assistant professor of religion at Lindsey Wilson College. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Does God love the Canaanites? If you have read your Bible, you might think that the answer is no. There is no way that God could love the Canaanites based on what we see in the book of Joshua. There it sounds like God is commanding genocide. Genocide does not sound very loving. Today I have Dr Randal Rauser on to discuss how we should interpret these passages with the love of Christ in mind. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Randal Rauser (PhD, King's College, London) is associate professor of historical theology at Taylor Seminary. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Over Christmas break, my parents asked if I could preach at their church in Indiana. So what I have for you today is a sermon that I preached the day after Christmas. I ask several important questions about why God created anything at all, and what it takes to become friends with God. I also offer reflections on Ephesians 1 and John 15. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com Support the Show: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

I know that many of you have been patiently waiting for this episode. Some of you are incredibly hyped up to hear this one. Today I have my final episode with Dr Sam Lebens. We get into all sorts of fun stuff related to heaven and hell, the problem of evil, sin and atonement. And of then course, we get into a detailed discussion about hypertime. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Sam Lebens (PhD, Birkbeck College, London) is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Haifa. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com Support the Show:  https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

What kind of world did God create? Did God create a world filled with physical objects? Or did God create an idealist world where all that exists are God and His ideas? Perhaps you and I are just ideas in the mind of God. You might even say that we are God’s imaginary friends. In today’s episode, I have Sam Lebens on to defend his version of idealism. We get into all sorts of issues related to God’s perfect rationality, creation, and apophaticism. If you have questions or topics that you would like to hear on the show, you can send me a message at rtmullins.com. If you would like to support the show, you can donate money to my Patreon account. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Sam Lebens (PhD, Birkbeck College, London) is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Haifa. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Today I have got Dr. Sam Lebens from the University of Haifa. We are chatting about his recent book, The Principles of Judaism. Sam and I discuss the motivation for writing a book on analytic Jewish theology. Then we get into the 3 principles of the Jewish faith. After that, Sam and I get into Jewish debates on the doctrine of creation out of nothing, eternal creation, and more. In future episodes, Sam and I will be discussing idealism, the atonement, and hypertime. So look forward to those. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Sam Lebens (PhD, Birkbeck College, London) is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Haifa.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

By the time this airs, I will be in Texas riding mechanical bulls, eating some brisket, and drinking whisky sours. I wanted to give you some quick updates from the open road on the future of the podcast. I have a lot of exciting stuff coming up next year, but you will only see a couple more episodes before Christmas. I need some time to see family and relax before I get back at it again. Also, I wanted to give you my own hot take on the nature of time, and what I think about the relational and absolute theories of time. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In the last episode, I had Dr Erik Wielenberg on to offer some objections to William Lane Craig’s views on God, time, and the Kalam cosmological argument. In today’s episode, I have Dr Craig in the hot seat. We are chatting about his provocative view on God, time, and creation. Craig says that God is timeless sans creation, and temporal with creation. After defining some terms, we look at the different justifications that Craig offers for his view on God, time, and creation. Then, we bring on Objection Time. That’s right, I have Craig answering several objections to his own view on divine eternality, as well as objections to the relational theory of time. Credits Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: William Lane Craig (PhD, University of Birmingham, and PhD, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München) is professor of philosophy at Houston Baptist University and Talbot School of Theology.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Today I am joined by Dr Erik Wielenberg to discuss a recent exchange he had with William Lane Craig in the journal TheoLogica. We look at the details of God’s relationship to time and the implications for the Kalam Cosmological argument. Erik argues that Craig’s view on God and time entails two contradictions. He also argues that Craig’s view on God and time undermines the success of the Kalam Cosmological argument. We get into the details of Erik’s arguments. In the next episode, we will hear William Lane Craig’s take on the arguments. Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Erik Wielenberg (PhD, University of Massachusetts) is professor of philosophy at Depauw University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Do you know what time it is? No, it is not objection time. Instead, it is time to talk about time. The philosophy of time is a difficult topic to understand, and many confusions abound. In today’s episode, I sit down with Kristie Miller from the University of Sydney to discuss her recent introduction to the philosophy of time that she co-authored with Sam Baron. We talk about dynamic and static theories of time. We also get into the so-called A-theory and B-theory of time. We even discuss the lesser known C-theory. Then we have a lengthy conversation about the arrow of time. Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Kristie Miller (PhD, University of Queensland) is professor of philosophy at the University of Sydney.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

When you have theological and philosophical discussions, do things get heated? Do you sometimes struggle to have good disagreements with people? In today’s episode, I sit down with Ryan Shields to discuss theological disagreements. We get into the good, the bad, and the ugly of theological disagreements. We share stories about times where disagreements go really badly, and what we can learn from them. We also discuss stories where disagreements go really well, and how we can try to foster better conversations in the future. All for the sake of coming together to better understand truth, beauty, and goodness. Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Ryan Shields Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today's episode, I catch up with Steven Nemes. We chat about him completing his PhD, and the big idea of his dissertation. We discuss the method of phenomenology, and its usefulness for theology. We consider issues like, which comes first: scripture or tradition? How should we understand the New Testament's use of the Old Testament?  Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. Guest: Steven Nemes now has a PhD from Fuller Theological Seminary! Checkout his webpage https://christisforeveryone.com/  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

When you write in questions to the show, I notice. I pay attention. Sometimes I try to find an expert on the topic to answer the question. Other times, I try to address the question myself. Today I open up the mail bag and address three listener questions. I’ve got questions about trauma and theology. I have some hot stuff on God, time and creation out of nothing. And finally, I have some questions about the Kalam cosmological argument and divine eternality. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today’s episode we are returning to the new T&T Clark Handbook of Analytic Theology. I’m once again joined by Jonathan Thompson to discuss my chapter in the handbook, called Classical Theism. In today’s episode, we discuss the ever valid modal collapse argument against divine simplicity. Conversations over this argument have gotten heated online, and many confusions abound. So Jonathan and I clarify what the argument actually says, and consider several objections to the argument. You had been asking for the return of Objection Time, and today we deliver. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Guest: Jonathan Thompson. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

In today’s episode we are digging deeper into the new T&T Clark Handbook of Analytic Theology. I’m joined by Jonathan Thompson to discuss my chapter in the handbook. I wrote the chapter called “Classical Theism.” In today’s episode we offer a systematic articulation of the classical conception of God, and clarify common confusions about classical understandings of the divine attributes. We consider different complications that arise when constructing a classical model of God. Then we examine some problems for classical theism from the doctrine of creation out of nothing. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Guest: Jonathan Thompson Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Today I am joined by Dr James Arcadi and Dr JT Turner to discuss the new T&T Clark Handbook of Analytic Theology. We ask the obvious question, “What is analytic theology?” Then we consider some angry Tweets about the project analytic theology, and offer various replies. This may be the most sarcastic episode yet, but I guarantee that you will come away with a better understanding of analytic theology, and the different kinds of topics that analytic theologians are working on. In the future, I will be recording episodes with other contributors to the new Handbook, so keep an eye out for those. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Guest: James Arcadi (PhD, University of Bristol) is an assistant professor of theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.  Guest: JT Turner (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is an assistant professor of philosophy at Anderson University.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Open theism is a provocative model of God that has captured the attention of various philosophers and theologians from different religious traditions. The view has garnered different criticisms, such as the recent book edited by Ben Arbour called, Philosophical Essays Against Open Theism. In today’s episode, I develop some of Ben Arbour’s objections to open theism, and I have the one and only Dale Tuggy here to offer his replies. Dale and I articulate and analyse several of Arbour’s objections to open theism based on perfect being theology, omniscience, and scripture. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Guest: Dale Tuggy (PhD, Brown University) is a published author, active podcaster, and all around amazing scholar. Check out Dale's show at https://trinities.org/blog/.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Today I am joined by one of my colleagues at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Dr. Christine Daigle. We are asking the question, “What is human nature?” What does it mean to be human? There are different views within philosophy such humanism and the more recent view called transhumanism. But Christine wants to push for a position called posthumanism. In today’s episode, we break down the differences between humanism, transhumanism, and posthumanism in order to get a better understanding of what we are as human beings. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Guest: Christine Daigle (PhD, University of Montreal) is director of research at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

A clinical psychologist, a philosopher, and a theologian walk into a room. There is no punchline there because I am not telling a joke. Instead, I am describing today’s episode. We get into all sorts of fascinating topics today. We look at clinical psychosis, and how to interpret various passages of the Bible that talk about demon possession. Then we consider how our interpretations of scripture impact the way the Church treats those with mental health issues. We also consider the metaphysics of demon possession, and how to tell the difference between a religious experience and a psychotic one. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Guest: Ragy Girgis (MD, University of Pittsburgh) is associate professor of clinical psychiatry at Columbia University. Check out his book, On Satan, Demons, and Psychiatry.  Guest: Tasia Scrutton (PhD, University of Durham) is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Leeds. Check out her book, Christianity and Depression.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com https://www.patreon.com/user?u=66431474 https://ko-fi.com/rtmullins

Dr. Ema Sani and I have been working on a paper on open theism and molecular biology. In today’s episode, we explore some questions about the relationship between different scientific disciplines and theology. When we take a closer look at the biological world we see a vast array of risk-management systems that anticipate genetic errors, and seek to correct them. Ema explains these biological phenomena for us, and then we discuss how this can help the open theist develop her understanding of the God-world relationship. Is the God of open theism too risky? Stick around and find out. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

There is a vastly complex world within your body. When we look at the molecular level, and examine your DNA and RNA, we find an intricate network of gene expression and gene regulation. Biologists have identified all sorts of weird and wonderful types of RNA within your body that regulate how your genes get expressed. But what does that mean? What is gene regulation? In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr. Ross Cordiner from Aarhus University to explore the wild world of genetics. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Ross Cordiner (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is a research fellow in molecular biology and genetics at Aarhus University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Your favourite dynamic duo is back! That’s right, in today’s episode Joe Schmid and I talk about our new paper in Religious Studies called “The Aloneness Argument Against Classical Theism.” Classical theism affirms the doctrine of creation ex nihilo, which says that there is a state of affairs where God exists without the created universe. In this state of affairs, God exists all alone. Joe and I identify some different problems that this causes for classical theism. We take you through the argument step by step, and then consider some objections to the argument. Afterwards, I bring back the ever popular popcorn round. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Joe Schmid is a philosophy student at Purdue University. Check out his show, The Majesty of Reason. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I am joined by Dr Paul Gavrilyuk from the University of St Thomas. We are looking at impassibility and the so-called Hellenization Thesis. The Hellenization thesis is often used to dismiss classical theism, but Paul argues that this thesis is not historically accurate. Paul and I chat about different schools of thought within ancient Greek philosophy in order to get a better grasp on the classical Christian understanding of divine impassibility. We consider the emotional life of the classical God, and then discuss the relevance for the doctrine of the incarnation. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Paul Gavrilyuk (PhD, Southern Methodist University) is the Aquinas Chair of theology and philosophy at the Univeristy of St Thomas. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

We have been doing this show for two years. It doesn’t feel like two years because so much has happened in that time. Ema and I are so pleased with how the show has grown, and we are really happy with the episodes that we have created. I want to say thank you to everyone who has been listening, and I greatly appreciate all of the encouraging messages that people send in. Ema and I are both very excited to continue providing you with great content on theology, philosophy, and science. What we talk about in today’s episode is a bit of what the future of the podcast will look like. We also discuss the value of interreligious dialogue and philosophy of religion. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

You have been sending in questions, and today Ema and I will give you some more answers. What are we talking about today? We start out with a listener question about heavy metal. Ema and I give you the gossip on the metal scene, and then chat about my pentagram shirt incident on YouTube. After that we talk about the end of spacetime, and some philosophy of physics. Finally, we consider some issues related to spacetime and panentheism. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions Intermission music by Make Them Suffer, "Widower."  rtmullins.com

You have been sending in questions, and today you will get some answers. In today’s episode, Dr Ema Sani and I answer some listener questions. We look at various issues surrounding God’s perfect rationality as it relates to God’s goodness and free will. We ask if God can perform arbitrary actions, or if God must always act for a reason. After that, Ema and I look at different issues within biology, and the projects that she is currently working on. Then we discuss the relationship between science and theology. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I am joined by Dr Richard Rice to discuss his recent book, The Future of Open Theism. In the last episode, Richard and I discussed the history of open theism. In today’s episode, we chat about what open theism is, and the contributions it makes to a Christian systematic theology. Richard and I discuss various doctrines like creation, predestination, and providence. We reflect on the nature of risk involved in God creating an open universe, and why God might take a risk like that. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Richard Rice (PhD, University of Chicago) is professor of religion at Loma Linda University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I am joined by Dr Richard Rice to discuss his recent book, The Future of Open Theism. In today’s episode, we chat about what open theism is, and then consider some of the history of open theism. Richard gives us some of the gossip about how the 1994 book The Openness of God came together. Then we discuss the rather, shall we say, fiery criticisms of that book. Richard explains some of his experiences of going through those criticisms, and we chat a bit about theological disagreements in the contemporary world. In the next episode, I will continue my conversation with Richard about the Future of Open Theism and systematic theology. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Richard Rice (PhD, University of Chicago) is professor of religion at Loma Linda University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Some of you listening might have trust issues. Perhaps you trust too easily, or perhaps you can’t trust anyone at all. Have you ever thought about whether or not God trusts other people? In today’s episode, I am joined by Dr. Curtis Holtzen to discuss his recent book, The God Who Trusts. We discuss open theism, human free will, the nature of trust, and the emotional life of God. We even consider whether or not Calvinists and Molinists can affirm the biblical theme of divine trust. I also ask Curtis to consider some objections to his view based on the doctrine of the Trinity. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Wm. Curtis Holten (PhD, University of South Africa) is professor of philosophy and theology at Hope International University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Are you listening to this episode right now? That might seem like a silly question. Of course you are listening to this episode right now. But some philosophers and physicists say that there is no such thing as the now or the present. Instead, they say that all moments of time exist. But this might undermine your free will. In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr. Jeff Koperski to discuss physics, philosophy of time, and free will. We chat about how physics does not necessarily undermine presentism and human freedom, and we even get into a bit of the relationship between physics and theology. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Jeff Koperski (PhD, Ohio State University) is professor of philosophy at Saginaw Valley State University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

The Bible seems to teach that God knows everything, and that God is sovereignly in control of how history unfolds. Yet the Bible also seems to teach that God does not always get what He wants. Perhaps some of God’s desires go unfulfilled. These biblical claims gives rise to different theories of God’s omniscience, foreknowledge, and providence. In today’s episode, I am joined by Dr John Peckham to discuss something called The Problem of God’s Unfulfilled Desires. John and I talk about different views like theological determinism, open theism, and Molinism to see how they can handle these different biblical claims. Be sure to check out John's new book, The Divine Attributes.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: John Peckham (PhD, Andrews University) is professor of theology and Christian philosophy at Andrews University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In contemporary debates, there are competing conceptions of God’s nature. But what does the Bible have to say about the doctrine of God? In today’s episode, I am joined by Dr John Peckham to discuss his new book, The Divine Attributes. We start by looking at the classical conception of God, and ask if it has any biblical warrant. John argues that classical theism conflicts the biblical portrayal of God. Then we consider John’s own conception of the covenantal God of scripture. John and I also have an exciting announcement to make! Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: John Peckham (PhD, Andrews University) is professor of theology and Christian philosophy at Andrews University.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Have you ever thought about saying no to God? For some of you, the idea of saying no to God probably makes you feel uncomfortable. For others who are a bit more rebellious, you are probably quite happy to tell God what is on your mind. In today’s episode, I am joined by Matthew Korpman to discuss his recent book, Saying No to God. Matthew is a PhD student in New Testament studies at the University of Birmingham. We chat about various biblical themes related to saying no to God. We discuss the stories of Abraham and Isaac, Moses, Jesus, and we even get into to annihilationist views on hell. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Matthew Korpman is a PhD student at the University of Birmingham.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

If you were listening to the last episode, you heard a conversation with Dr Josh Farris and Dr Mark Hamilton. We were talking about the Christian doctrine of the atonement. We looked at some of the basics of the doctrine, and then turned our attention to specific theories. Josh and Mark offered a critique of the penal substitution theory of atonement in the last episode. In today’s episode, we continue the conversation by looking at the Anselmian satisfaction theory of the atonement. Then we look at a view called the Reparative Substitution theory, which is a theory that Mark and Josh are developing. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Josh Farris (PhD, University of Bristol) is the Executive Director at the Alpine Christian School. S. Mark Hamilton (PhD, Free University of Amsterdam). Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I am joined by Dr Josh Farris and Dr Mark Hamilton. We are talking about the Christian doctrine of the atonement. Christian theology claims that something about the death of Jesus Christ accomplished something on our behalf. But what exactly did Jesus do on our behalf? Different theories of atonement give different answers to this question. In today’s episode, Josh and Mark walk us through some of the basics for understanding any theory of the atonement. Then we look at a popular theory called penal substitution, and consider objections to the view. In the next episode, we will continue the conversation by looking at an Anselmian satisfaction view. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Josh Farris (PhD, University of Bristol) is the Executive Director at the Alpine Christian School. S. Mark Hamilton (PhD, Free University of Amsterdam) is  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I continue my conversation with Dr. Kimberly Kroll. We are talking about the Christian doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Christian theology claims that the Holy Spirit indwells believers, but it is not always clear what that means. In the last episode, we discussed some of the key claims of the doctrine, and explored some different models of indwelling that have been developed by William Alston. In today’s episode, Kim and I will chat about the work of Eleonor Stump on the indwelling of the Spirit. Then we take a look at Kim’s own model of indwelling. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Kim Kroll (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a lecturer in literature at the Stony Brook School. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I am joined by Dr. Kimberly Kroll. We are talking about the Christian doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Christian theology claims that the Holy Spirit indwells believers, but the history of Christian thought has not made it clear what that actually means. Kim recently finished her PhD dissertation at the University of St Andrews on the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. In today’s episode, we will discuss some of the key claims of the doctrine, and explore some different models of indwelling that have been developed by William Alston. In the next episode, Kim and I will chat about the work of Eleonor Stump, as well as Kim’s own model of indwelling. You can find out more about Kim's work on the Holy Spirit here.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies. Guest: Kim Kroll (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a lecturer in literature at the Stony Brook School.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today I am joined by Dr. Scott Williams from the University of North Carolina. We are talking about a new book he edited called Disability in Medieval Christian Philosophy and Theology. Scott gives us an overview of the book, and some of the motivations for putting together this volume. Then we chat about a series of questions related to personhood and disability. What are some different conceptions of personhood? Do certain conceptions of personhood lead towards ablism? Can medieval understandings of personhood help us better promote the moral status of disabled individuals? Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium  for Advanced Studies.  Guest: Scott Williams (PhD, Oxford University), is assistant professor of philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Ashville.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, Dr. Ema Sani and I finish the chat about my brand new book God and Emotion through Cambridge University Press. In this episode, we discuss the final chapter of the book, which covers passibility and the problem of creepy emotions. Given omnisubjectivity, God feels everything that you feel. Do you really want God feeling absolutely everything that you feel? That might be kind of creepy. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, Dr. Ema Sani and I continue the chat about my brand new book God and Emotion through Cambridge University Press. In this episode, we discuss chapters 4 and 5 of the book, which covers the divine emotions of love and wrath. Ema and I ask a series of questions and consider several objections to both impassibility and passibility. We look at objections which say that the God of classical theism cannot satisfy its own understanding of divine love and wrath. We also consider objections against passibility which claim that an empathetic God cannot be a perfect moral judge. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, Dr. Ema Sani and I continue the chat about my brand new book God and Emotion through Cambridge University Press. In this episode, we discuss chapters 2 and 3 of the book, which covers classical theism and neoclassical theism. We get into all sorts of material that didn’t get into the book, so you will definitely want to hear this. Ema and I discuss the general idea of models of God and their relation to philosophy and theology.  We also talk about the role of empathy in the debate over impassibility vs passibility. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, Dr. Ema Sani and I chat about my brand new book God and Emotion through Cambridge University Press. In this episode, we discuss the first two chapters of the book, which cover the history of the debate over impassibility, and an introduction to the philosophy of emotions. In the next three episodes, we discuss the arguments of the remaining chapters.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a senior research fellow at the University of Helsinki's Collegium for Advanced Studies. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

On a very special episode of The Reluctant Theologian Podcast, I share some different stories that compelled me to write my new book, "God and Emotion." In future episodes, I will go through some of the arguments of the book, but in this episode I explain how deeply personal this topic is to everyone. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Aseity is one of those words that theologians love to throw around, but what does it mean? Is aseity the same thing as necessary existence? And what are the reasons for thinking that an a se being exists? In today’s episode, I sit down with Chad McIntosh to discuss the doctrine of aseity in all its glorious detail. We get into the principle of sufficient reason and cosmological arguments. We also chat about the implications of aseity for debates over the Trinity and divine simplicity. Chad gives us some spicy takes on simplicity that I am sure you won’t want to miss. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Chad McIntosh (PhD, Cornell University). Check out his blog.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

If you were listening to the last episode, you heard my conversation with Aku Visala on the imago dei, cognitive science, and free will. In today’s episode, we pick up the conversation on free will. We ask if free will is compatible with divine determinism, and consider some different debates in theology between Martin Luther and Erasmus. We also look at some of the evidence from cognitive science about the role of belief in free will in our moral and social behavior. This episode also contains the ever popular popcorn round. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Aku Visala (PhD, University of Helsinki) is a research fellow at the Finnish Academy, the University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Christian theology says that humans are made in the image of God. But what does that mean? Does it mean that we are rational beings with free will? And what is free will anyway? In today’s episode, I sit down with Aku Visala to chat about human nature and free will. Aku tells us about different understandings of the image of God and human freedom. He also tells us what recent proposals in cognitive science have to say about human freedom and rationality. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Aku Visala (PhD, University of Helsinki) is a research fellow at the Finnish Academy, the University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

We live in a world with multiple religions, competing theological systems, and various models of God. With all of this confusion and variety of opinions, how do we know that we are referring to the same being when we use the word “God”? In today’s episode, I sit down with Hugh Burling to talk about a recent paper of his in Faith and Philosophy on the theory of reference as it relates to topics within in philosophical theology, religious experience, and worship. If you are a philosophy of language nerd, then this is the episode for you. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Hugh Burling (PhD, University of Cambridge) is a teacher in philosophy and religious studies in England.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In the last episode, I sat down with Olli-Pekka Vainio to discuss various challenges to theology on the basis of philosophy of language. In this episode, Olli and I chat about issues surrounding our talk about God in terms of analogy, univocity, and equivocation. Does all of our talk about God need to be analogy? Would it be a problem if we spoke about God univocally? Olli and I also ask if all the religions in the world are referring to the same God. This episode also contains the ever popular popcorn round. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Olli-Pekka Vainio (PhD, University of Helsinki) is university lecturer in systematic theology, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

There is an interesting interaction between philosophy of language and theology. There are all sorts of difficulties surrounding the very idea of religious language. Some philosophers have objected to the idea of speaking about God. Perhaps it is impossible to engage in any talk about God at all. If that’s right, then theology is doomed from the start. In today’s episode, I sit down with Olli-Pekka Vainio to discuss his new book on religious language. In this episode, we discuss the challenges that arise from verificationism, expressivism, and apophaticism. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Olli-Pekka Vainio (PhD, University of Helsinki) is university lecturer in systematic theology, University of Helsinki. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, I sit down with TJ Mawson to discuss a listener question on God and morality. We consider different issues related to moral philosophy, the divine nature, and providence. In what sense is God responsible for the moral landscape? What does it mean to say that God is perfectly good? And can an all-powerful God sin? After discussing these issues, we ask if God is obligated to provide atonement for humanity. And then we ask if the God of open theism can providentially guide the world without screwing things up. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: TJ Mawson (PhD, University of Oxford) is the Edgar Jones fellow in philosophy at St Peter's College, University of Oxford. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

As science and technology are advancing, we are entering into uncharted waters with what we can do with DNA. From biohacking, to beer tasting, ancestry, and criminal cases, the possibilities are wide open. Some of the possibilities seem like merely science fiction, while others raise legal and ethical concerns. In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr Ross Cordiner to discuss what is science fiction, and what is reality concerning our DNA. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Ross Cordiner (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is a research fellow in molecular biology and genetics at Aarhus University.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Some of you listening might be artists. Perhaps you paint or take pictures. Maybe you are a filmmaker or musician. Whatever you are, you make important contributions to our society. Your art helps create a sense of place in your community. It can even cultivate a sense of place within the church. In today’s episode, I sit down with my friend Dr Jennifer Allen Craft to discuss her new book Placemaking and the Arts: Cultivating the Christian Life. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Jenn Craft (PhD, University of St Andrews) is associate professor of theology at Point University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Today we decided to explore philosophical content in an alternative way through video games. Video games are a major part of our culture. I’ve even been told by several people that they listen to this show while they are playing video games. So in today’s episode, I sit down with Michał Trajdos to discuss various aspects of video games. We discuss the impact that video games have on culture, and whether or not video games can be considered a form of art. We ask what games tells us about our moral intuitions and our decision-making skills as humans beings. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Michał Trajdos. http://twitch.tv/di0xan Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today's episode, I sit down with Mike Hranica from The Devil Wears Prada. We talk about heavy metal, French existentialism, and free will. We also talk about the new album The Act, what it is like to stop being straight edge, and so much more.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Mike Hranica from The Devil Wears Prada. https://www.tdwpband.com/ Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions Music by The Devil Wears Prada, "Big Wiggly Style," "Chemical," and "The Thread." https://www.tdwpband.com/music rtmullins.com

In the last episode, Andrei Buckarreff and I discussed the metaphysics of pantheism and panentheism. We chatted about how to distinguish these models of God from classical theism and open theism. In today’s episode, Andrei and I will consider arguments for and against pantheism. Andrei offers two arguments in favour of pantheism. One from omnipresence, and another from omniscience. I then ask Andrei to consider two objections to pantheism. One from God’s rationality, and the other from God’s moral perfection. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Andrei Buckareff (PhD, University of Rochester) is associate professor of philosophy at Marist College. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

As we are continuing our series on models of God, we have arrived at two models called pantheism and panentheism. Pantheism is said to be an ancient model of God that is found in different religions across the world. In today’s episode, I sit down with Andrei Buckareff to discuss the metaphysics of pantheism and panentheism. We chat about how to distinguish these models of God from classical theism and open theism. In the next episode, Andrei and I will consider arguments for and against pantheism. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Andrei Buckareff (PhD, University of Rochester) is associate professor of philosophy at Marist College.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, I’m continuing my series on rival models of God. Dr. Ema Sani and I chat about two models of God called neoclassical theism and open theism. We discuss the difficulties in defining neoclassical theism, and then turn to topics such as the incompatibility of timelessness with divine passibility. Afterwards, we discuss various objections to models of divine foreknowledge and providence, such as theological determinism, simple foreknowledge, Molinism, and open theism. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

On today’s episode, I sit down with David Anzalone to chat about divine impassibility and divine passibility. One version of divine passibility is called omnisubjectivity, which says that God has perfect empathy with all of his creatures. David explains how different models of hell cause problems for omnisubjectivity. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: David Anzalone is a PhD candidate in philosophy at the University of Lucerne. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In the last episode, Dr. Tasia Scrutton and I discussed arguments for and against divine impassibility. Then we started to consider the doctrine of divine passibility. In today’s episode, we pick up the conversation by considering objections to divine passibility related to omnipotence and perfect rationality. Then we chat a bit about Tasia’s new book, “Christianity and Depression.” We ask if the suffering God of passibility can really help us in our time of anguish. Here is a link to her new book.  https://scmpress.hymnsam.co.uk/books/9780334058908/christianity-and-depression Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Tasia Scrutton (PhD, University of Durham) is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Leeds. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Have you ever thought about God’s emotional life? What is an emotion, and what kind of emotions does God have? In this two part episode, I sit down with Tasia Scrutton to discuss the debate over divine impassibility and divine passibility. We discuss the philosophy of emotions, and the role that emotions play in debates over the divine nature. In part 2, we continue the conversation about this debate, but also consider the implications of this for issues related to mental health, and the problem of suffering. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Tasia Scrutton (PhD, University of Durham) is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Leeds. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

What can we actually say about God? Can I make positive claims about God, such as God is perfectly loving? Or can I only describe God in terms of what God is not like, such as God is not weak, or God is not ignorant? In today’s episode, I sit down with Simon Hewitt to discuss something called apophaticism, or negative theology. We chat about the apophatic approach to speaking of God, and some of the implications for theology, the problem of evil, and politics. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Simon Hewitt (PhD, University of London) is a research fellow in philosophy at the University of Leeds. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In the last episode, Thomas Williams and I discussed a model of God called classical theism In today’s episode, Thomas and I consider several objections to classical theism. Can an impassible God love us? Can a timeless and immutable God create and sustain the universe without undergoing any change or succession? Is the doctrine of divine simplicity coherent? These are some of the objections we consider. Today’s episode also contains the ever popular popcorn round. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Thomas Williams (PhD, University of Notre Dame) is professor of philosophy and Catholic Studies at the University of South Florida. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In contemporary theology, there are multiple models of God to consider. One could be a classical theist, an open theist, maybe even a panentheist. In today’s episode, I sit down with Thomas Williams to discuss classical theism. We chat about great thinkers like Augustine, Aquinas, and Scotus. Then we explore divine attributes like omniscience, timelessness, immutability, simplicity, and impassibility. We even consider some of the implications for human freedom and religious language. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Thomas Williams (PhD, University of Notre Dame) is professor of philosophy and Catholic Studies at the University of South Florida. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

There are many different kinds of robots out there. There are the hard robots that vacuum your floor, and the soft robots Big Hero 6. Did you know that there are also underwater robots that look like squids? In today’s episode, I sit down with Francesco Giorgio-Serchi. We chat about robots, pig brain transplants, and the possibility of achieving immortality through robots. We even ask if immortality would be good for society. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Francesco Giorgio-Serchi (PhD, University of Leeds) is a chancellor's fellow in robotics and autonomous systems at the University of Edinburgh. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In case you are wondering, you are a conscious being. Have you ever asked what exactly is consciousness? And which particular things in the universe are conscious? Perhaps you think only souls can be conscious. Or maybe you think that material objects can be conscious. Whatever view you take, you need to ask where does consciousness comes from. In today’s episode, I sit down with Ben Page to discuss a family of arguments for the existence of God based on the existence of consciousness. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Ben Page (PhD, Oxford University) is a member of the philosophy department at the University of Durham. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

From driverless car, to robots helping surgeons in hospitals, we are increasingly accepting the role of machines and artificial intelligence in controlling our lives and taking decisions for us. But should I be really worry about my Alexa device taking over the world? In today’s episode, I sit down with Vaishak Belle. We discuss the nature of artificial intelligence, and an array of ethical questions that arise from our use of AI. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. Guest: Vaishak Belle (PhD, Aachen University) is a chancellor's fellow in human-like computing at the University of Edinburgh. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Many people believe that there is a close connection between consciousness and the brain. Yet the human brain is still somewhat of a mystery to us. For example, we still know very little about the early stages of human brain development. Recently, scientists have started growing these little things called brain organoids to help them understand how human brains grow and develop. In today’s episode, I sit down with the neurobiologist, John Mason, to discuss his work on brain organoids, and some of the potential philosophical implications. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: John Mason (PhD, University of Cambridge) is a reader in developmental neurobiology at the University of Edinburgh.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

We have received so many interesting messages from listeners. The questions range over a host of topics, and we hope to address as many of them as we can. In today's episode, Ema Sani and I open up some mail, and respond to questions about the show, the nature of God, and the nature of time. We consider questions about the absolute theory of time, some confusions about the A-theory and B-theory of time, evil twins, Twitter gossip, and the essential and contingent attributes of God.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, I sit down with Steven Nemes to discuss something called the modal collapse argument against divine simplicity. The modal collapse argument has been defended by myself and many other philosophers over the years. It is an argument that some people love, and that other people love to hate. In today’s episode, I ask Steven to explain how he understands the argument, and why it is a serious problem for the doctrine of divine simplicity. After that we chat about his strategies for avoiding the modal collapse. Check out Steven's paper at:  https://www.academia.edu/41975414/Divine_simplicity_does_not_entail_modal_collapse?fbclid=IwAR38yV_6D5e8PvEcGhwYiajYGNGb4YFp5P5Zya27zbsJ3he3NIyTJfvQ_DE Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Steven Nemes is a PhD candidate at Fuller Theological Seminary. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, I sit down with Steven Nemes. We discuss a recent debate that I had over at the Theopolis website on the doctrine of divine simplicity. Why are we discussing this? Well, because some of you theology nerds love to discuss obscure medieval doctrines that the vast majority of Christians have never heard of. Steven and I give you the break down on everything that happened with this debate at Theopolis. We give you the gossip. We give you the drama, and we give you all of the theology related to the doctrine of divine simplicity. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Steven Nemes is a PhD candidate at Fuller Theological Seminary. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Have you ever wondered why God would create anything at all? Or perhaps you have asked why God would create a universe like this one. You might think that out of all the possible universes that God could create, surely He could have created one with less evil than what we find in our universe. In today’s episode, I sit down with Max Baker-Hytch to discuss problems related to God, evil, and the multiverse. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Max Baker-Hytch (PhD, University of Oxford) is tutor in philosophy at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Most religions affirm that God is an eternal being. But what does it mean for God to be eternal? Is God timeless or is God temporal? Why should I even care about God’s relationship to time? In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr Natalja Deng to discuss her new book God and Time. We will discuss some basic issues within the philosophy of time, and talk about the role they play in debates over God’s eternality. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Natalja Deng (PhD, Oxford University) is associate professor of philosophy at Yonsei University. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, Dr. Ema Sani and I discuss the question ‘what is time?’ This is an important question that most philosophers, scientists, and theologians refuse to answer. Ema asks me to discuss my definition of time. Then we chat about some of the different puzzles that arise from the nature of time. We also explore some the implications of time for the nature of God, creation, divine providence, and human free will. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today’s episode, I sit down with Chris Woznicki. He recently won the IVP Early Career Philosopher of Religion prize for an essay that he wrote on human free will, determinism, and prayer. In today’s episode, Chris and I chat about theological anthropology before turning to discuss the nature of prayer, and the relationship between free will and theological determinism. Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Chris Woznicki is a PhD candidate at Fuller Theological Seminary. Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Have you ever thought about heaven? Perhaps you have wondered what resurrected existence might be like. In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr. JT Turner to discuss some of the current hot topics that people are asking about heaven and the resurrection. Will people with disabilities have their disabilities forever? Will there be sex in heaven? Check out JT’s answers to these burning questions and more.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: James T. Turner (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is assistant professor of Philosophy at Anderson University.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Christianity claims that God has made human persons in His image, and that God plans on saving humanity from death through resurrection. But what does any of that mean? In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr. JT Turner to discuss human nature and resurrection. JT explains his functional understanding of the image of God, and his hylomorphic account of human nature. We also examine some of JT’s reasons for rejecting the intermediate state between death and resurrection.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: James T. Turner (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is assistant professor of Philosophy at Anderson University.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In the last episode, I sat down with Dr. Thom Atkinson to discuss the debate between physicalists and dualists over human nature. Thom and I began to talk about the implications of this debate for understanding immortality and the resurrection of the dead. In today’s episode, Thom and I continue this conversation on physicalism, dualism, and the resurrection. We also discuss philosophical and theological objections to dualism. Today’s episode also has the ever popular popcorn round.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Thom Atkinson (PhD, University of Liverpool) is a research fellow in philosophy.   Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

What is a human person? Is a human person completely physical? Or does a human person have a soul? In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr. Thom Atkinson to discuss the debate between physicalists and dualists over human nature. Thom explains different arguments for and against the existence of the soul. We also talk about the implications of this debate for understanding immortality and the resurrection of the dead. In the next episode, Thom and I will continue the conversation on human nature and immortality.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Thom Atkinson (PhD, University of Liverpool) is a research fellow in philosophy.   Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

What makes a particular individual a human? One answer might be that a human is a biological organism with a particular kind of DNA. It is the sort of thing that lives, grows old, and dies. This raises further questions. What is DNA? What is the relationship between DNA, aging, and death? In today’s episode, I sit down with Dr. Jamie Carrington to discuss DNA replication, and different ways to achieve immortality.    Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Jamie Carrington (PhD, University of Dundee) is a research fellow at the University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Malaria is one of the most deadly diseases in the contemporary world. It kills almost half a million people every year, and can be transmitted into humans by a single mosquito bite. In today’s episode, I sit down with the immunologist, Dr. Wiebke Nahrendorf. We discuss the immune system and the nature of malaria. We also talk about possible cures to malaria, and the discovery of Gin & Tonic. Today’s episode also has the ever popular popcorn round.  Credits: Host: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Guest: Wiebke Nahrendorf (PhD, University of Nijmegen) is a researcher at the University of Edinburgh Institute of Immunology and Infection Research.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager: Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

In today's episode, I continue my conversation with John Limanto on a theory of divine providence called Molinism. On Molinism, God is said to know what you will freely do in any possible circumstance that you might be placed in. Molinism says that God uses this knowledge to providentially arrange the world. In today's episode, John and I discuss some common objections to Molinism.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. John Limanto.   Scientific Advisor and Show Manager—Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions

In today's episode, I sit down with John Limanto to discuss a theory of divine providence called Molinism. On Molinism, God is said to know what you will freely do in any possible circumstance that you might be placed in. Molinism says that God uses this knowledge to providentially arrange the world. In today's episode, John and I discuss some of the details of Molinism and human free will.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. John Limanto.   Scientific Advisor and Show Manager—Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions

In today's episode, I continue my conversation with Thomas Jay Oord. In the last episode we discussed Tom's provocative account of God's essential kenosis, and the implications it has for the problem of evil, divine providence, and human freedom. In today's episode, I ask Tom to consider objections to his views. This episode also has the ever popular popcorn round.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Thomas Jay Oord (PhD, Claremont Graduate University) is a professor of philosophy and religion at Northwest Nazarene University.  Scientific Advisor and Show Manager—Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions

In today's episode, I sit down with Dr. Love--Thomas Jay Oord. We discuss Tom's provocative account of God's uncontrolling love, and the implications it has for the problem of evil, divine providence, and human freedom. I ask Tom about the role of philosophy, scripture, and science within theology. We also discuss whether or not God knows the future. This episode will give you a deeper insight into some of the underlying metaphysical claims within Tom's theology, as well as his method for doing theology. Stay tuned for the next episode when I ask Tom to consider objections to his views.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Thomas Jay Oord (PhD, Claremont Graduate University) is a professor of philosophy and religion at Northwest Nazarene University.  Scientific Advisor and Show Manager—Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions

Does God have empathy, or emotions? If God lacks empathy, then it might seem like God is a psychopath, and the love of a psychopathic God seems less than desirable. However, if God has empathy, then God feels everything that you feel. But wouldn't that mean that God feels horny? That makes God kind of creepy.  In today's episode, R.T. Mullins sits down with the Uke of Edinburgh, Ms. Lins McRobie. They discuss different conceptions of God called impassibility and passibility, and consider objections to each view. And if you are lucky, Lins might just play a song for us on her ukulele.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Lins McRobie is the Uke of Edinburgh and queen of the Edinburgh folk scene.  Scientific Advisor and Show Manager—Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions

Have you ever wanted to know more about cloning?  R.T. Mullins sits down with biologist David Barrass, who worked with the team who created Dolly the sheep. In this episode, David explains some of the benefits and downsides of cloning. Ryan and David also discuss some of the philosophical implications of cloning for personal identity. This episode also has the ever popular popcorn round.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. David Barrass is a researcher in the school of biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Scientific Adviser and Show Manager—Ema Sani (PhD, University of Glasgow) is a postdoctoral fellow in biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

Have you ever wanted to know more about cloning? Do you want to clone your own dinosaur? R.T. Mullins sits down with biologist David Barrass, who worked with the team who created Dolly the sheep. David explains how Dolly was cloned. David also discusses whether or not we can clone dinosaurs, and why some chickens have teeth.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. David Barrass is a researcher in the school of biology at the University of Edinburgh.  Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions rtmullins.com

 R.T. Mullins and Joanna Leidenhag discuss objections to panpsychism, and the nature of consciousness. This episode also introduces a new segment called "The Popcorn Round," where the guests don't know the questions ahead of time. The questions can be silly, and the answers more ridiculous.  Credits: R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Joanna Leidenhag (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is a research and teaching fellow in science and theology at the University of St Andrews. Music by Rockandmetal_domination – Raising-questions Music by E's Jammy Jams--Down by the Riverside.  rtmullins.com

R.T. Mullins and Joanna Leidenhag discuss the emergence of consciousness, panpsychism, and its relation to theology. Credits:R.T. Mullins (PhD, University of St Andrews) is a research and teaching fellow in analytic theology at the University of St Andrews. Joanna Leidenhag (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is a research and teaching fellow in science and theology at the University of St Andrews. Music by: https://soundcloud.com/rockandmetal_domination/raising-questions

Does God Exist?

Does God Exist?