
Utajua Hujui
By Aileen Waitaaga Kimuhu
Support me: anchor.fm/utajuahujui/support

Utajua HujuiJun 23, 2021

EP 53: We Lived to Tell (The Nyayo House Story - Part II)
TW: Torture, SA, Police Brutality, Extra-Judicial Violence In this two-parter, Aileen and Kariithi discuss the "harrowing stories of scary hounding by security agents, arrests, torture, jail and detention." Aka, the story of Nyayo House and what, if anything, we owe those who survived. Source: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kenia/01828.pdf

EP 53: We Lived to Tell (The Nyayo House Story)
TW: Torture, SA, Police Brutality, Extra-Judicial Violence
In this two-parter, Aileen and Kariithi discuss the "harrowing stories of scary hounding by security agents, arrests, torture, jail and detention." Aka, the story of Nyayo House and what, if anything, we owe those who survived.
Source: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kenia/01828.pdf

Mathogothanio (Part II)
Hello everyone!
Welcome to part II of our Experiment! In this phase, we learn that our real enemy was neither the sound quality, nor patience, but sunlight. The sun quit before we did hahaha
You can watch the video version here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLs3pV4AcwuJN3VfVknXGh7vOEviA_lax

Mathogothanio (Part I)
Hello everyone!
You get to be part of not just one experiment but two! For this two-parter, Aileen and Kariithi talk about everything and anything as we try to record a video podcast for the first time (Experiment I) and see what is in shorter supply, our patience or our whiskey (Experiment 2).
Drinks were provided by us, although we will not turn down sponsorship from KWAL (whose beverages inspired much of the drunken conversations that inspired this podcast)
You can watch the video version here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLs3pV4AcwuJN3VfVknXGh7vOEviA_lax

Uranium and Africa
Inspired by Barbieheimer, this week Aileen and Kariithi talk about uranium mining in Africa, and what the nuclear age meant for the motherland.
Discretions: Barbie (ofc), Oppenheimer (offc), Black Panther,
Sources
Books
Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle – Thomas Borstelmann
Spies in the Congo – Susan Williams
Being Nuclear (Africans and the Global Uranium Trade) – Gabrielle Hecht
Everything Else (lol)
https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200712/physicshistory.cfm
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/7/7/a-beginners-guide-to-enriching-uranium
https://www.jstor.org/stable/161468
https://qz.com/africa/1216925/searching-for-wakanda-the-african-roots-of-the-black-panther-story
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589346.2012.683940
https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=1141
https://www.nonproliferation.org/wp-content/uploads/npr/masiza11.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/static/review-spies-in-congo.pdf
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=gc_etds
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=history_etds

Was Africa "left behind?"
Aileen and Kariithi talk big picture history, as they attempt to tackle why different peoples around the world experienced different levels of technological innovation? And whether Africa was truly "left behind..." Digressions include: Love Island, Football, HIMYM and Kenyan Presidential History Sources Jared Diamond – Guns, Germs and Steel Chloe Campbell – Race and Empire (Eugenics in Colonial Kenya) Ian Harris – Why the West Rules, for Now Walter Rodney – How Europe Underdeveloped Africa https://qz.com/africa/2110046/africas-prehistoric-technological-advances-changed-the-worldhttps://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/417t1w/disease_in_the_new_world/ https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6meq1k/comment/dk6htc0/https://old.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8nr7xd/thoughts_on_guns_germs_and_steel_by_jared_diamond/ https://www.wired.com/story/ancient-grain-crops-future-of-farming/

Robert Ouko: Who Dunnit?
Aileen and Kariithi discuss the death of Robert Ouko, and why some things ought to remain a secret. In Part I, we discussed the life and death of Dr Ouko; laying the groundwork for an exploration of the why, and who. In Part II, we interrogate the suspects and get to the bottom of it.
Digressions include: Mean Girls, Serial Killers (Aileen Wurnos), Africa Reclaiming her Narrative, Job, Pineapples and the CIA
Important Time Stamps:
- Banter (0:50 - 16:40)
- The Ouko Murder (16:40 - 1:14:30)
- The State of African Leaders (1:14:30 - End)
Sources
- Kenya, A History Since Independence (Charles Hornsby)
- TJRC Report 2A: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/25050/Kenya-Tjrc-Report-Volume-2a.pdf
Websites
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-02-04-how-corruption-almost-ran-down-kenya-under-mois-watch/
- https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/adar_munyae_winter01/
- https://theconversation.com/how-moi-put-foreign-policy-at-the-centre-of-his-presidency-134048https://nation.africa/kenya/blogs-opinion/opinion/moi-left-an-indelible-mark-in-kenya-s-foreign-policy-248912http://www.kenyaunsolved.com/anguka.html
- http://kenyadocexcom.ipage.com/uploads/2/7/3/5/2735307/troonpara38.jpg
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110306172924/http://kenyaunsolved.com/evidence/?p=142
- https://nation.africa/kenya/news/robert-ouko-murder-fear-still-stalks-koru-29-years-later-137952
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-03-05-moi-era-robert-oukos-murderers-are-still-alive/
- http://www.kenyaunsolved.com/robertouko1.html
- https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/passages/4761530.0007.009/--reading-the-ministers-remains-investigations-into-the-death?rgn=main;view=fulltext
- https://www.ocikenya.com/honoree-dr-robert-ouko
- https://cabinets.kenyayearbook.co.ke/2022/05/05/dr-robert-john-ouko-kenyas-most-celebrated-foreign-minister/
- https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/45673107.pdf
- https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1978NAIROB15351_d.html

Robert Ouko: Dear God, Why?!
Aileen and Kariithi discuss the death of Robert Ouko, and why some things ought to remain a secret. In Part I, we discuss the life and death of Dr Ouko; laying the groundwork for an exploration of the why, and who.
Digressions include: Artificial Wombs, Friends (Ross), Basketball, Sports, Thriller
Sources
Kenya, A History Since Independence (Charles Hornsby)
TJRC Report 2A: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/25050/Kenya-Tjrc-Report-Volume-2a.pdf
Websites:
https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-02-04-how-corruption-almost-ran-down-kenya-under-mois-watch/
https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/adar_munyae_winter01/
https://theconversation.com/how-moi-put-foreign-policy-at-the-centre-of-his-presidency-134048
http://www.kenyaunsolved.com/anguka.html
http://kenyadocexcom.ipage.com/uploads/2/7/3/5/2735307/troonpara38.jpg
https://web.archive.org/web/20110306172924/http://kenyaunsolved.com/evidence/?p=142
https://nation.africa/kenya/news/robert-ouko-murder-fear-still-stalks-koru-29-years-later-137952
https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-03-05-moi-era-robert-oukos-murderers-are-still-alive/
http://www.kenyaunsolved.com/robertouko1.html
https://www.ocikenya.com/honoree-dr-robert-ouko
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/45673107.pdf
https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1978NAIROB15351_d.html

The Kapenguria 6 & Kenya @ 60
Aileen is joined by Kariithi and GM to discuss the trial of the Kapenguria 6. And the idea that the more things change, the more they stay the same
Sources
Charles Hornsby, Kenya: A History Since Independence
Anaïs Angelo, Power and the Presidency: The Jomo Kenyatta Years
David Anderson, Histories of the Hanged
David Branch, Between Hope and Despair
CRIMINAL APPEAL 276, 277, 278, 279, 280 & 281 OF 1953 (Kenyatta, Kubai, Achieng, Kaggia, Ngei, Karumba v Regina [1954])
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1525/lal.2011.23.1.26.pdf
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1958/oct/30/kenya-white-highlands

Argwings Kodhek: Murder or Accident
Join Aileen and Kariithi as we discuss the life and times of the Mau Mau Lawyer: Clement Michael George Argwings Kodhek.
Digressions include: Frozen, Kenyan Traffic Law and Nuclear Weapons
Sources
Books
- The Black Bar –Paul Mwangi
- Kenya, A History Since Independence – Charles Hornsby
- Between Hope and Despair – Daniel Branch
- Kenyatta Cabinets – Kenya Yearbook The Politics of the Independence of Kenya – Keith Kyle
Websites
- https://www.migorinews.co.ke/features/history-feature-argwings-kodhek-luos-push-for-kenya-independence/
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000162952/kenya-my-life-with-cmg-argwings-kodhek
- https://iks.ukzn.ac.za/sites/default/files/Thoughts%20on%20Assassination%20in%20Africa%20Ali%20Mazrui.pdf
- https://artsandculture.google.com/story/7wXxO36pSrXmLA
- https://nation.africa/kenya/news/argwings-kodhek-the-politician-history-should-never-forget-132134
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2001310960/argwings-kodhek-a-native-upstart-who-dared-marry-a-white-woman
- https://fliphtml5.com/yvqhd/kcos/basic/201-250

Tom Mboya: Don't Hate the Player (Part 2)
Join Aileen and Kariithi as we talk about the life and death of Tom Mboya.
Digressions include: too many to name. Enjoy the Chaos! Embrace the Pandemonium :)
Sources
Charles Hornsby – Kenya, A History Since Independence
Daniel Branch – Kenya, Between Hope and Despair
Mary L. Dudziak – Exporting American Dreams, Thurgood Marshall’s African Journey
Tom Mboya – Freedom and After
Tom Mboya – The Challenge of Nationhood
TJRC Report
OCTOPIZZO - Tom Mboya- (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WurPqo8jeTI&ab_channel=OCTOPIZZO)
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20161117-third-culture-kids-citizens-of-everywhere-and-nowhere
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/t-magazine/luca-guadagnino-third-culture-kids.html
https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/210-808-8918/ARGreportopt.pdf
https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975NAIROB01174_b.html
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/144509/1/JSH_McCann_accepted_MS.pdf

Tom Mboya: Kenya's Obama
Join Aileen and Kariithi as we talk about the life and death of Tom Mboya.
Digressions are too many to name. Enjoy the Chaos! Embrace the Pandemonium :)
Sources
Charles Hornsby – Kenya, A History Since Independence
Daniel Branch – Kenya, Between Hope and Despair
Mary L. Dudziak – Exporting American Dreams, Thurgood Marshall’s African Journey
Tom Mboya – Freedom and After
Tom Mboya – The Challenge of Nationhood
TJRC Report
Tom Mboya Speech – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwG22EZmEfE
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20161117-third-culture-kids-citizens-of-everywhere-and-nowhere
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/t-magazine/luca-guadagnino-third-culture-kids.html
https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/210-808-8918/ARGreportopt.pdf
https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975NAIROB01174_b.html
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/144509/1/JSH_McCann_accepted_MS.pdf

JM Kariuki (Never Outshine Your Master) (Part II)
Aileen is joined by her fellow history nerd, Kariithi to talk about the late, great JM Kariuki. And why you should never outshine your master.
Sources
https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/24/1.0401458/3
https://theverdict.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The-Black-Bar.pdf
https://twitter.com/historykenya101/status/1366608534088134656?lang=en
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31817667
https://archive.org/stream/maumaudetaineefull/mau%20mau%20detainee%20full_djvu.txt
https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1120&context=tjrc-core
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/38631/Full%20Text.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

JM Kariuki: Never Outshine Your Master
Aileen is joined by her fellow history nerd, Kariithi to talk about the late, great JM Kariuki. And why you should never fuck with SDE
Digressions: SDE, Thanos, Baby Brothers
Sources
https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/24/1.0401458/3
https://theverdict.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The-Black-Bar.pdf
https://twitter.com/historykenya101/status/1366608534088134656?lang=en
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31817667
https://archive.org/stream/maumaudetaineefull/mau%20mau%20detainee%20full_djvu.txt
https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1120&context=tjrc-core
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/38631/Full%20Text.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Spill the Tea
In this special, Aileen contextualises the James Finlay saga; explaining that they are a symptom of an exploitative system that benefits the dynasties at the expense of hustlers. The kind of system the Government may, ultimately, be invested in maintaining.
Sources:
KNBS Economic Survey 2022
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wMdnCx6eUc– BBC Expose
https://www.finlays.net/about-us/locations/kenya/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4370678
https://www.history.com/news/east-india-company-england-trade
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64662056
https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/bomet/james-finlay-in-the-eye-of-the-storm-4017830
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/10/01/keny-o01.html
https://fairtradeafrica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/James-Finlay-Kitumbe-Group-Digital.pdf
https://nation.africa/kenya/news/tea-farms-brew-sexual-abuse-and-misery-for-poor-workers-230376
https://www.ft.com/content/dc633303-da14-4f94-bbfe-46fcec66dce4
https://www.finlays.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Modern-Slavery-Statement-2021.pdf
https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019-12-10-james-finlays-contractors-deny-child-labour-claims/
https://globalnaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/kenya.pdf
https://assets.worldbenchmarkingalliance.org/app/uploads/2022/11/Starbucks-CHRB-scorecard-2022.pdf

Chief Waruhiu: The Price of Collaboration
As promised, Aileen kicks off the Assassinations series. And we’re kicking this series off with Chief Waruhiu wa Kung’u: the best Chief in East Africa in 1952. An accolade that, ultimately, killed him.
Digressions: Serial Killers, F.R.I.E.N.D.S
Sources:
https://twitter.com/mwihaki254/status/1266040758357893120?lang=en
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/23724
https://owaahh.com/assasination-chief-waruhiu/
Controversial chiefs in colonial Kenya: the untold story of Senior Chief Waruhiu Wa Kung'u, 1890-1952 by Evanson N. Wamagatta

Like Manna from Heaven: Cargo Movements
Join Aileen as she talks about Cargo Movements, the John Frum Movement and Africa.
Digression: The Gods Must be Crazy
Sources:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-john-they-trust-109294882/
https://www.sapiens.org/culture/cargo-cult-rituals/
https://www.popsci.com/kids-birthday-parties-aging
https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/diis/0019191/f_0019191_16402.pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1569&context=kunapipi

Mathogothanio: Aliens, History and Propaganda
… and we’re BACK! Aileen and Kariithi kick the year off with a Mathogothanio special. This time we talk about aliens, national history, nationalism and the nature of existence itself! You know, the little things..
Digressions Include Thomas the Tank Engine, Modern Family and the MCU
Sources:
NASA finds Planet: https://www.25newsnow.com/2023/01/12/nasa-finds-earth-sized-planet-found-habitable-zone/
Mau Mau Veterans: https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/north-eastern/2023-01-09-mau-mau-veterans-in-new-sh21-trn-compensation-demand/

NairoBEERNs X Utajua Hujui
Aileen joins Mwas and Kish on their podcast, as we discuss everything from dress codes to whether Kenyan men are, truly, the most romantic on the African continent
Remember, we talk because we can, and because we want to!
Catch NairoBEERNs podcast on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@nairobeerns
NairoBEERNs Instagram: https://instagram.com/nairobeerns?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=

Bruce McKenzie
In the last episode of the year, Aileen discusses Bruce McKenzie; Kenya’s ONLY white CS and spy for the British. As we consider what it means to govern, and the sacrifices and compromises that must be struck, McKenzie is a great example of these compromises. And how a single act, can change a nation.
Surprisingly, NO digressions!
SOURCES
Charles Hornsby, Kenya A History Since Independence
https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/apartheid-legislation-1850s-1970s
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11764004
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03086534.2016.1175737
https://twitter.com/surambaya/status/1271396171513303040?lang=en
https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=tjrc-core

The World Cup: Worth the Fuss?
Corruption. Eternal Glory. And a Golden Cup. Let’s talk about the World Cup, and FIFA, for a while
Digressions: Modern Family, R Kelly, Bill Cosby, Arab Money,
SOURCES
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/World_Cup
https://www.fifa.com/news/more-than-half-the-world-watched-record-breaking-2018-world-cup
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/070915/how-does-fifa-make-money.asp
https://psmag.com/economics/is-there-any-real-economic-benefit-to-hosting-a-world-cup
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/24/qatar-significant-labor-and-kafala-reforms
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves
https://apnews.com/article/world-cup-sports-soccer-dubai-religion-39a9b599579d0becd6c88a5f264f5bba
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2016/03/qatar-world-cup-of-shame/

Just One Prick Won’t Hurt: Human Experimentation in Africa
Unsterilized Needles. Concentration Camps. And Arsenic. Put them together and what have you got? The Sleeping Sickness Experiments in Tanzania in the early 20th Century and a WHOLE BUNCH of racism.
Digressions include MK Ultra, Inflatable Tube Men, Dexter’s Lab, and PEAK coloniser energy
S/O to Cartoon Network for letting me use some Dexter Audio :) (Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42wR9udglI8)
SOURCES
- A Cameron-Smith, Chapter One: The History and Culture of Tropical Medicine (2007)
- Andrew D S Gibson, Miasma revisited: The intellectual history of tropical medicine (2009)
- Daniel R. Headrick & Philippe Büscher, Sleeping Sickness Epidemics and Colonial Responses in East and Central Africa, 1900–1940 (2014)
- Diana Duong, This Neglected Tropical Disease Can Lead Its Victims to Paranoia — And Even Death(2018)
- Edna Bonhomme, When Africa was a German laboratory, Al Jazeera (2020)
- Gregg Mitman and Paul Erickson, Latex and Blood: Science, Markets and American Empire (2010)
- Helen Tilley, Africa as a Living Laboratory: Empire, Development, and the Problem of Scientific Knowledge, 1870-1950 (2011)
- Helen Tilley, Conclusion: Experimentation in Colonial East Africa and Beyond, International Journal of African Historical Studies (2014)
- Jesse B. Bump, Ifeyinwa Aniebo, Colonialism, Malaria, and the Decolonization of Global Health (2022)
- Julia Amberger, Robert Koch and the crimes of doctors in Africa, Deutschlandfunk (2020)
- Open Yale Courses, HIST 234: Epidemics in Western Society Since 1600, Lecture 15 – Tropical Medicine as a Discipline
- Richard Strong, Strong Describes Novel Expedition, The Harvard Crimson (1926)
- Stephen Kinzer, Poisoner in Chief (2019)
- Takudzwa Hillary Chiwanza, Here is How Africa Was Used as a Laboratory for Germany During the Sleeping Sickness Epidemics, The African Exponent (2020)
- Wolfgang U. Eckart, The Colony as Laboratory: German Sleeping Sickness Campaigns in German East Africa and in Togo, 1900-1914 (2002)
- World Health Organization, Trypanosomiasis, human African (sleeping sickness) (2022)

Killed In the Crade (PT II)
Part II is here! And this time, Americans are involved.
Digressions include: We Are the World (For Haiti), Teenage Boys, the Scramble for Africa and Fence Sitting
Sources
- Amy Goodman, Westenley Alcenat, Juan González, Gerald Horne, Kim Ives, Debt, Coups & Colonialism in Haiti: France & U.S. Urged to Pay Reparations for Destroying Nation (2021)
- Bob Corbett, Review of "FROM DESSALINES TO DUVALIER" by David Nicholls and "HAITI IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: CLASS, RACE, AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT SINCE 1700" by Alex Dupuy, Webster University, (1990)
- Catherine Porter, Constant Méheut, Matt Apuzzo and Selam Gebrekidan, The Ransom – The Root of Haiti’s Misery: Reparations to Enslavers, The New York Times (2022)
- Colin Mckey, The Economic Consequences of The Haitian Revolution (2016)
- Constant Méheut and Selam Gebrekidan, A magnet for exploitation: Haiti over the centuries, The New York Times (2021)
- Daphney Pascal, Crisis in Haiti: The American Occupation 1915-1934, (2010)
- Elizabeth Abbott, The Ghosts of Duvalier, Foreign Policy (2011)
- Eric Nagourney, 6 Takeaways About Haiti’s Reparations to France, The New York Times (2021)
- Fran Quigley, From cradle to grave, United States protected Jean-Claude Duvalier, IndyStar (2014) Greg Rosalsky, 'The Greatest Heist In History': How Haiti Was Forced To Pay Reparations For Freedom, NPR, (2021)
- Hossein Azadi and Eric Vanhaute, Mutual Effects of Land Distribution and Economic Development: Evidence, Land Journal (2019)
- Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The Barbaric History of Sugar in America, The New York Times (2019)
Matt Apuzzo, Constant Méheut, Selam Gebrekidan and Catherine Porter, How a French Bank Captured Haiti – The Ransom, The New York Times (2022) - Merima Ali, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad, Abdulaziz B. Shif, Did British colonial rule in Africa foster a legacy of corruption among local elites?, London School of Economics (2020)
- Patrick Scheld, Who Really Controls Haiti's Destiny? An examination of Haiti's Historical Underdevelopment, Endless Poverty, and the Role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), (2018)
- Paul Cohen, On the Relationship Between Journalism and History: Thoughts on The New York Times Haiti Ransom Project, Age of Revolutions (2022)
- Rocio Cara Labrador and Diana Roy, Haiti’s Troubled Path to Development, Council on Foreign Relation (2021)
- Siri Schubert, Haiti: The Long Road to Recovery, FrontLine World - PBS (n.d.)
University of Missouri – St Louis, A New Institutional Economics Analysis of Duvalierism (n.d.)

Killed in the Cradle: The Story of Haiti
What happened to Haiti? And was it inevitable? Join Aileen and Kariithi as they discuss who fucked with Haiti, and how they benefitted while Haitians suffered unequivocally.
Digressions include: Mike Posner, Sauti Sol and Hades
Sources
Amy Goodman, Westenley Alcenat, Juan González, Gerald Horne, Kim Ives, Debt, Coups & Colonialism in Haiti: France & U.S. Urged to Pay Reparations for Destroying Nation (2021)
Bob Corbett, Review of FROM DESSALINES TO DUVALIER by David Nicholls and HAITI IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: CLASS, RACE, AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT SINCE 1700 by Alex Dupuy, Webster University, (1990)
Catherine Porter, Constant Méheut, Matt Apuzzo and Selam Gebrekidan, The Ransom – The Root of Haiti’s Misery: Reparations to Enslavers, The New York Times (2022)
Colin Mckey, The Economic Consequences of The Haitian Revolution (2016)
Constant Méheut and Selam Gebrekidan, A magnet for exploitation: Haiti over the centuries, The New York Times (2021)
Daphney Pascal, Crisis in Haiti: The American Occupation 1915-1934, (2010)
Elizabeth Abbott, The Ghosts of Duvalier, Foreign Policy (2011)
Eric Nagourney, 6 Takeaways About Haiti’s Reparations to France, The New York Times (2021)
Fran Quigley, From cradle to grave, United States protected Jean-Claude Duvalier, IndyStar (2014)
Greg Rosalsky, 'The Greatest Heist In History': How Haiti Was Forced To Pay Reparations For Freedom, NPR, (2021)
Hossein Azadi and Eric Vanhaute, Mutual Effects of Land Distribution and Economic Development: Evidence, Land Journal (2019)
Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The Barbaric History of Sugar in America, The New York Times (2019)
Matt Apuzzo, Constant Méheut, Selam Gebrekidan and Catherine Porter, How a French Bank Captured Haiti – The Ransom, The New York Times (2022)
Merima Ali, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad, Abdulaziz B. Shif, Did British colonial rule in Africa foster a legacy of corruption among local elites?, London School of Economics (2020)
Patrick Scheld, Who Really Controls Haiti's Destiny? An examination of Haiti's Historical Underdevelopment, Endless Poverty, and the Role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), (2018)
Paul Cohen, On the Relationship Between Journalism and History: Thoughts on The New York Times Haiti Ransom Project, Age of Revolutions (2022)
Rocio Cara Labrador and Diana Roy, Haiti’s Troubled Path to Development, Council on Foreign Relation (2021)
Siri Schubert, Haiti: The Long Road to Recovery, FrontLine World - PBS (n.d.)
University of Missouri – St Louis, A New Institutional Economics Analysis of Duvalierism (n.d.)

Wives of the Leopard (RE-RELEASE)
Today, we learn about the women who inspired the Dora Mijale in Marvel’s Black Panther (2018) and the stars of The Woman King (2022); the Ahosi of Dahomey. Wives of the Leopard.
Sources
@alokvmenon, https://www.instagram.com/p/CLAW4W4BmWy/
Ana Lucia Araujo, Dahomey, Portugal and Bahia: King Adandozan and the Atlantic Slave Trade, Slavery & Abolition (2012)
Ana Lucia Araujo, The Woman King Softens the Truth of the Slave Trade, Slate (2022)
Dr. Oyeronke Oyewumi The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourse (1997)
Lize Okoh, Meet the Dahomey Amazons: The All-Female Warriors of West Africa, Culture Trip (2018)
Meghan Weddle, “So, says I, we are a brutal kind,” Emory University
Melian Solly, The Real Warriors Behind ‘The Woman King, Smithsonian Magazine (2022)
Mike Dash, Dahomey’s Women Warriors, Smithsonian Magazine (2011)
Robin Law, “Dahomey and the End of the Atlantic Slave Trade” (Boston: Boston University African Studies Working Papers)
Robin Law, The ‘Amazons’ of Dahomey, (1993)
Stanley Bernard Alpern, Amazons of Black Sparta: The Women Warriors of Dahomey (1998),
Stuff You Missed in History Class, The Amazons of Dahomey, (2015)

Love, Men and Relationships (Pt 2 with NairoBEERns & Annelise)
What are men for? No seriously, we're asking, what are men for? Join Aileen, as she talks with the NairoBEERns Podcast (Kiru and Cris) and Anneliese on some things love, most things men, and all things relationships
If you'd prefer to watch this podcast, you can watch us here:
You can find NairoBEERns here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAXr6AS1E9VGjXc3B4_Y1IQ

Love, Men and Relationships (with NairoBEERns & Anneliese)
What are men for? No seriously, we're asking, what are men for? Join Aileen, as she talks with the NairoBEERns Podcast (Kiru and Cris) and Anneliese on some things love, most things men, and all things relationships
If you'd prefer to watch this podcast, you can watch us here:
You can find NairoBEERns here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAXr6AS1E9VGjXc3B4_Y1IQ

Mathogothanio (with Kariithi)
Join Kariithi and Aileen as they reflect on the Queen’s death, how Africa is perceived by the West and whether or not Africans do better with a monarchial/authoritarian form of government.
Digressions include Chicken as Currency, The Little Mermaid, New Girl, BDE, The African Union Anthem and the 2022 Presidential Election
Sources (to fact check or correct things said on the podcast)
Mehera Bonner, The History Behind Duchess Camilla’s Queen Consort Title Is Complicated, (2022)
David Peggs and Rob Evans, Buckingham Palace banned ethnic minorities from office roles, papers reveal (2021)

Operation Blackwash: How to Sell Apartheid
What would it take for a person of colour, to support a white supremacist government? Today, we find out as we talk about South Africa’s Operation Blackwash.
Digressions: Dolores Umbridge, Barack Obama Sr, and the legal thirst trap that is Thurgood Marshall.
Sources
Bethany Kane, 7 Cognitive Biases that make us Suck at Time Management (2020)
Boston University African Studies Center, Before Apartheid in Confronting Apartheid
Jeanne Theoharis, Martin Luther King and the ‘polite’ racism of white liberals (2020)
Matthew T Cole, Ivan Pastine and Tuvana Pastine, Incumbency Advantage in an Electoral Contest (2018)
Nigel Biggar, A Critical Response to William Beinart, “Appendix A: Historical Appendix to the Report of the Oriel College Commission on the Rhodes Statue and Diversity within the College” (2022)
Rebecca Davies, A chronicle of Apartheid's propaganda war on black America (2013)
Richard Bolton, The Architect of Apartheid, Cecil Rhodes, Falls at Oxford (2020)
Robin Wright, Mandela’s Dream for South Africa Is in Ruins (2021)
Ron Nixon, South Africa's Global Propaganda War (2015)
Rosie Tobutt, Who Was Cape Town's Cecil Rhodes? (2016)
Sheila M Hopkins, An Analysis of US South African Relations Analysis of US South African Relations in the 1980s: Has Engagement Been Constructive? (1985)
South African History Online, A history of Apartheid in South Africa
William Beinart, Cecil Rhodes: Racial Segregation in the Cape Colony and Violence in Zimbabwe (2022)

Climate Change (pt 1 of MANY)
In this episode, Aileen and her guest, Simran, discuss the climate; How we got here, who's to blame, and what we can do about it.
TL;DR, We have screwed the pooch five ways from Sunday. But we still got Saturday, and we can minimise the damage. Maybe...
Digressions include wheat and supa loaf
Image Credit and Explanation: NASA/GSFC. In 2015, NASA’s supercomputer model illustrated the simulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The image was supposed to help scientists study the movement of CO2 in the atmosphere, and understand what will happen if the land and ocean can no longer absorb half of all climate-warming CO2 emissions. In short, bad things. Bad things will happen.

The Population Conspiracy: How the West Fucked with Africa’s Population (pt 2)
Aileen is back is back to finish of this series on Population Control in Africa. And. It. Gets. BLEAK. I am talking “bribing-women-to-get-sterilized,” “inserting-IUDs-into-13-year-olds’-bodies,” “rewarding-doctors-for-contracepting/steralizing-as-many-women-as-possible,” BLEAK.
Surprisingly, the digression was about the National Anthem of the Soviet Union
Audio Clips:
Last Week Tonight, “One Child Policy”
Roy Orbison, Pretty Woman
That Mitchell and Webb, “Are We the Baddies”
Sources
Butte College, TIP Sheet: Conspiracy and Conspiracism (2019)
Charlotte McDonald, How Many Earths do we Need? (2015)
Clare L. Roepke & Eric A. Schaff, Long Tail Strings: Impact of the Dalkon Shield 40 Years Later (2014)
E. Wesley F. Peterson, The Role of Population in Economic Growth (2017)
Hippolyte Fofack, Changing the Africa Population Narrative (2021)
Karl Itman, African Populations and British Imperial Power, 1800–1970 (2022)
Lisa Baker, Control and the Dalkon Shield (2001)
Mark Dowie, Barbara Ehrenreich, Stephen Minkin, The Charge: Gynocide (1979)
Matthew Connelly, Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population (2008)
Matthew Connelly, How did the ‘population control’ movement go so terribly wrong? (2008)
Monica Bahati Kuumba, Perpetuating Neo-Colonialism through Population Control: South Africa and the United States(1993)
Rachel Sullivan Robinson, Population Policy Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interplay of Global and Local Forces(2016)
Rachel Sullivan Robinson, Population Policy Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interplay of Global and Local Forces(2016)
USAID Policy Paper, Population Assistance (1982)

Human + Ape = ?
What do you get when you cross a human and an ape? This is what Soviet Era scientist Ilya Ivanov tried to find out, and it. gets. weird; like inseminating a woman with ape sperm weird. So, let’s talk about it!
Digressions include Transhumanism and the Hunger Games!
Sources
A. E. Samaan, From a "Race of Masters" to a "Master Race": 1948 to 1848(2013)
Eric Michael Johnson, Scientific Ethics and Stalin's Ape-Man Superwarriors (2011)
Ivan Cenzi, The Strange History of Men Going Nuts for Monkey Testicle Transplants (2021)
Julian Huxley, Transhumanism, 1957
Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, Global Gag Rule Threatens Reproductive Health in Kenya: Study, (2020)
Matthew Gault, The Soviet Union’s Crazy ‘Planet of the Apes’, (2014)
Paul Weindling, Julian Huxley and the Continuity of Eugenics in Twentieth-century Britain, (2015))
Pawel Wargan, A Dream of Soviet Ape‑Men (2013)
Sam Kean, The Soviet Era's Deadliest Scientist Is Regaining Popularity in Russia (2017)
Stephanie Pain, Blasts from the past: The Soviet ape-man scandal (2008)
The Open Society Foundation, What Is the Global Gag Rule? (2019)
Wulf D. Hund, Racist King Kong Fantasies. From Shakespeare's Monster to Stalin's Ape-Man (2011)

Today I Learned: The Negro Bible and Zambia’s Space Agency
Did you know that there was once a Negro Bible, that excluded most of the Old Testament and any mention of freedom and liberation? Or that Zambia had a space program in the 1960s? In this episode, Aileen walks you through these incredible facts of history!
Imagine, there are no digressions!
Blog Post: https://the-inbetweeners.blogspot.com/2018/04/tribalism-not-just-african-problem.html
Sources
The Negro Bible
Bartolomé de las Casas (WikiQuote)
Becky Little, Why Bibles Given to Slaves Omitted Most of the Old Testament (2019)
Blue Letter Bible, Expose of Mormonism: The Bible, (n.d.)
Brigit Katz, Heavily Abridged ‘Slave Bible’ Removed Passages That Might Encourage Uprisings(2019)
Daniel Walden, Was Jesus a Socialist? (2020)
Erica Johnson, Rosaries and Revolution: Father Philemon, Catholicism, and the Haitian Revolution(2015)
George Moore, Wrongfully Dividing the Word Of Truth: The History And Impact of the Negro Slave Bible - Part 1 (2021)
George Moore, Wrongfully Dividing the Word Of Truth: The History and Impact of the Negro Slave Bible- Part 2 (2021)
John E. Baur, International Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution (1970)
Michel Martin, Slave Bible From The 1800s Omitted Key Passages That Could Incite Rebellion(2018)
Rearranged the Trade Patterns of the Western Hemisphere in Lucia Coppolaro and Francine McKenzie, A Global History of Trade and Conflict since 1500 (2013)
Robert J Matthews, “Why don’t we use the Inspired Version of the Bible in the Church? Would it be helpful to me to read it?” (1977)
Steven Topik, An Explosion of Violence: How the Haitian Revolution
Zambia’s Space Program
Royal Museums Greenwich, The Zambian Space Programme (n.d.) Namwali Serpell, The Zambian “Afronaut” Who Wanted to Join the Space Race (2017)
Colin Marshall, Meet ‘The Afronauts’: An Introduction to Zambia’s Forgotten 1960s Space Program, (2020)
Eric Otieno Sumba, Afronauts Are Forever | The Enduring Cultural Legacy Of The ‘Zambia Space Program’(2020)
Alexis C Madrigal, Old, Weird Tech: The Zambian Space Cult of the 1960s (2010)

The Population Conspiracy: How the West Fucked with Africa’s Population
Join Aileen and a GUEST, as they talk about conspiracy theories, population control, and perhaps the worst IUD in human history – the Dalkon Shield.
Surprisingly, there are no digressions (huh, who even knew these were possible)
Sources
- Adeolu Oluwaseyi Oyekan, Conspiracy theories and pandemic management in Africa: critical reflections on contexts, contradictions and challenges (2021)
- Anna C. “Instrument of Torture”: The Dalkon Shield Disaster (2016)
- Asia Murphy, Conservation's Biggest Challenge? The Legacy of Colonialism (Op-Ed), (2019)
- Butte College, TIP Sheet: Conspiracy and Conspiracism (2019)
- Charlotte McDonald, How Many Earths do we Need? (2015)
- Clare L. Roepke & Eric A. Schaff, Long Tail Strings: Impact of the Dalkon Shield 40 Years Later (2014)
- David Pendergast, Colonial wildlife conservation and the origins of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire (1903–1914) (2003)
- E. Wesley F. Peterson, The Role of Population in Economic Growth (2017)
- Egypt Initiative for Personal Rights, Beyond superstition: How IUDs moved (2021)
- Hala Iqbal, How the CIA’s fake Hepatitis B vaccine program in Pakistan helped fuel vaccine distrust (2021)
- Heather Prescott, “This Is Not A Dalkon Shield”: The Renaissance Of The Intrauterine Device In The United States” (2016)
- Hippolyte Fofack, Changing the Africa Population Narrative (2021)
- Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Karen M Douglas, Conspiracy Theories as Part of History: The Role of Societal Crisis Situations (2017)
- Karl Ittmann, African Populations and British Imperial Power, 1800–1970 (2022)
- Lisa Baker, Control and the Dalkon Shield (2001)
- Mark Dowie, Barbara Ehrenreich, Stephen Minkin, The Charge: Gynocide (1979)
- NHS, Intrauterine device (IUD) (2021)
- Planned Parenthood, IUD (n.d.)
- Rachel Sullivan Robinson, Population Policy Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interplay of Global and Local Forces, (2016)
- Rainey Howitz, The Dalkon Shield, (2018)

Mekatilili wa Menza & Dona Beatriz (Kimpa Vita)
In Part 2 of the Female Heroines of Africa, Aileen talks about Mekatilili wa Menza and Dona Beatriz of the Congo
Digressions include Dear White People, the Protestant Reformation and Shrek
Image Credits:
Mekatilili – Google Arts & Culture
Donna Beatriz – Wikipedia
Sources:
Alexander Ives Bortolot, Women Leaders in African History: Dona Beatriz, Kongo Prophet (2003)
Benjamin Hendrickx & Tebatso Molefe, Dona Beatriz (Kimpa Vita): Some New Considerations on Her Role And Death in The Kingdom Of Kongo (2010)
Capuchin Fransiscans, Who we Are
Celia Nyamweru and Neil Carrier, The (re)creation of a heroine: the case of Mekatilili wa Menza
Ciaran Conliffe, Beatriz Kimpa Vita, African Prophet (2017)
Nita Bhalla, Kenyan female freedom fighter Mekatilili wa Menza celebrated on Google (2020)
Rejected Princesses, Mekatilili wa Menza
Zarina Patel and Neil Carrier (trs.) The Ferguson Centre for African and Asian Studies, Mekatili: Local Heroine
Cool Additional Resources
The Nest Collective – Mekatilili wa Menza Comic Book

Taytu & Amina
Join Aileen as she discusses two incredible women from African History! Empress Taytu of Ethiopia and Sarauniya Amina of Zazzau!
Digressions include Disco, Drug Laws and Netflix
#justiceforsheila
Shout Outs
@TravellingWakili– for all your vacay needs!
The NairoBEERns Podcast #10: New Drug Laws!! SIM Registration!! Political Intolerance!!
Sources
Adam Holland, An ethical analysis of UK drug policy as an example of a criminal justice approach to drugs: a commentary on the short film Putting UK Drug Policy into Focus(2020)
World Health Organization, Female genital mutilation (2022)
Brunno Braga, Taytu Betul: The African Woman Who Defeated European Imperialism (2021)
DW, Taytu Betul: Ethiopia's strategic empress
Rejected Princess.com, Taytu Betul, The Bad Cop Empress of Ethiopia
Anchi Hoh, Taytu Betul: The Cunning Empress of Ethiopia (2022)
Raymond Jonas, The Battle of Adwa, African Victory in The Age of Empire (2011)
Caroline Akello, The Achievement and Impacts of Queen Aminatu in African and Women History
Ibrahim Lawal Ahmed, Amina of Zazzau: Netflix and ahistorical film-making, By Ibrahim Lawal Ahmed(2021)
Jone Johnson Lewis, Amina, Queen of Zazzau (2019)
African Feminist Forum, Queen Amina Of Zaria

Today I Learned: Silence, Murder and Culture
Today, I learned that silence is music, Ouija boards can determine guilt, and Britain, literally, can’t repatriate the cultural property it has stolen.
Digressions include epistemology, Marvel’s Black Panther, Red Bull and the Holocaust
Sources
Aaron Gonsher, A Visit to John Cage’s 639-Year Organ Composition: Examining the expanse of time at one of the world’s slowest performances (2019)
Aja Romano, How Ouija boards work. (Hint: It's not ghosts.) (2018)
Anthony Hunt, Musical Instruments: How hard is it to learn to play the organ versus the piano? (2017)
BBC News, Wombles composer Mike Batt's silence legal row 'a scam' (2010)
Dalya Alberge, British Museum is world's largest receiver of stolen goods, says QC(2019)
Heather Mills, Retrial order in 'Ouija case' (2018)
Ian Molyneaux, The double-murderer jailed at retrial after drunken jury members contacted killer's victim using a ouija board (2021)
KNOPS, World’s Longest Concert Will Last Centuries (2018)
Michael Dulaney and Damien Carrick, 'Who killed you?' The jurors who used a Ouija board to find a murderer guilty (2018)
Phil Edwards, What "Ouija" actually means, and how the game has changed(2018)
Audio Sampling
Air Horn -
Black Panther Scene - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyY_tjhFNBg&ab_channel=TNT
D4 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dulaMO7nxpA&ab_channel=MusicinSpace
Drum Roll – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzAfTmC3It0
G#3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0W7CwQzBII&ab_channel=Justsounds
Red Bull - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Av7pA8X6hyU&ab_channel=RedBullGiv esYouWiiings
Spooky Scary Sounds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_ZpWDbYvKo&ab_channel=dskina

Deconstructing Jesus
Is Jesus unique amongst the beliefs of the Ancient World? More to the point, must Jesus be unique in order to believe in what he said? Digressions include Zoroastrianism and the Council of Nicea.
Sources
Earl Doherty, Higher Critical Review of Robert M Prices’ ‘Deconstructing Jesus’, (2001)
Gloria Nziba Pindi and Antonio Tomas De La Garza, “The Colonial Jesus” Deconstructing White Christianity (2018)
Hannah M.G.Shapero, Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Judaism (1997)
J. Warner Wallace, Is Jesus Simply A Retelling Of The Horus Mythology? (2017)
Jaime Licauco, Pagan Parallels of Jesus Christ (2018)
Joobin Bekhrad, The obscure religion that shaped the West (2017)
Re|Knew, The Jesus Story is a Myth! … And History (2015)
Robert Price, Deconstructing Jesus (2000)
The Bible, New Kings James Translation (although I prefer New Living Testament, or English Standard Version)
Timothy Paul Jones, Apologetics: Were the Stories of Jesus Based on Pagan Parallels? (2020)

Today I Learned
Today I learned that this podcast doesn’t have to be a depressing inquest into colonialism! Yaaay! Instead, today we will learn about penile spikes on cats, what happens when you fall asleep in church, and that time the South African Government dealt MDMA.
Note that I did have a cold while recording, sooooo I’m sorry for the nose pulling
Digressions Include: Assassination Attempts, Scruffing, and Polymorphism
Audio Sourcing:
SpongeBob Trap Remix "Krusty Krab" Mixed by Eugene The Dream
SpongeBob SquarePants Theme Song, Nickelodeon©
26 Weird Animal Mating Habits - mental_floss on YouTube (Ep. 20), Mental Floss ©
Sources
Brette Sember, Puritanism for Beginners (2019)
Chandré Gould & Peter Folb, Project Coast: Apartheid's Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme (2012)
Dr. Nicholas Dodman, Sexual Aggression in Cats (2014)
Drug Wise, How much do drugs cost? (2017)
Karl Kemp, South Africa's 'Dr. Death' Was Accused of Selling Ravers Super-Strength MDMA(2014)
New England Historical Society, Hellfires, Whippings and Woodchuck Bites – The Perils for Puritans Sleeping in Church(2022)
Olivier Marbot, South Africa: ‘Dr Death’ discovered to still be practising medicine (2021)
Stephanie Pappas, Here, Kitty, Kitty: 10 Facts for Cat Lovers (2011)
Tabitha Kucera, Scruffing a Cat: What Is It, and Why Do Experts Say You Shouldn't Do It? (2019)

The A,B,C's of Colonial Education
We all know that something is wrong with our education, but today we learn that it was designed to be that way.
Digressions Include Fluffling (Google It), How sucky the English Language is, and a whole bunch of “woooosaaahhhs”
Our Sponsor: DataVerse Machine Learning Course!
Sign up for classes here: https://forms.gle/hagQVST8AcL6ymzaA
Sources
Anirban Mitra, The Infamous Macaulay Speech That Never Was (2017)
Aparna Basu, Colonial Education Policies: A Comparative Approach in Essays in the history of Indian Education (1982)
Çağrı Tuğrul Mart, British colonial education policy in Africa (2011)
Jeffrey Willis Grooms, A Gentleman 's Burden: Difference and the Development of British Education at Home and in the Empire During the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (2016)
Kisilu M. Kitainge, Reforming education and training? Lessons from development of vocational education and training in Kenya (2004)
Martin Luther King, "The Purpose of Education" (1947)
Molly Cunningham, Colonial Echoes in Kenyan Education: A First Person Account (2006)
Mũkũyũ, Gikuyu Sex Training for Youth – Nguīko (2014)
Peter Kallaway, Welfare and Education in British Colonial Africa, 1918-1945 (2020)
Peter Kallaway, Welfare and Education in British Colonial Africa, 1918-1945 in Damiano Matasci, Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo and Hugo Gonçalves Dores, Education and Development in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa: Policies, Paradigms, and Entanglements, 1890s–1980s (2020)
Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (1973)

Mathogothanio (with Kariithi)
Welcome back to another Mathogothanio session! We're we chat nonsense, and hope it makes some sense. In this episode, Kariithi has, in the grand tradition of coups in Africa - couped me out of my own podcast!
Digressions include Kim Kardashian, Marvel vs DCEU and so much more!
Thank you to Kariithi for hosting and to Sam Kimita for audio engineering. Could not have down this episode without them :)

The Wagalla Massacre (1984)
Is violence the natural order of the state? If so, are massacres and state-sponsored atrocities inevitable? Join Aileen as she attempts to answer these questions while discussing one of the most referenced human rights abuses in Kenyan history: the Wagalla Massacre.
Digressions include Prince William, Thanos and the MCU
TW: Rape, Torture and Assault.
Sources:
Abdi Latif Dahir, Kenya’s Wagalla Massacre 30 Years Later (2014)
Charles Hornsby, Kenya: A History of Since Independence (2012)
Human Rights Watch, Screening of Ethnic Somalis: The Cruel Consequences of Kenya’s Passbook System (1990)
Judy Kibinge, Scarred: The Anatomy of a Massacre (2015)
Kate Cronin-Furman, Mass Atrocity Monday, 5/2/2016: The Wagalla Massacre (2016)
Kinyanjui Thuo, Wagalla Massacre (KNCHR) (2014)
Múturi Njeri, Kenya That was Never Kenyan: The Shifta War & The North Eastern Kenya, (2015)
Noor Akbar, How should we define genocide?, 2010
Oscar Gakuo Mwangi, Why Kenya is on thin ice in its justification for sending Somali refugees back home (2021)
Roya Gachuhi, Wagalla massacre: The anatomy of atrocity in North Eastern (2020)
Tabea Scharrer, “Ambiguous citizens”: Kenyan Somalis and the question of belonging (2018)
Truth and Justice Commission Report, Volume II A (2013)
Youssef Cohen, Brian R. Brown, A. F. K. Organski, The Paradoxical Nature of State Making: The Violent Creation of Order (1981)

The Roof, The Roof, The Roof is on FIRE
HAPPY NEW YEAR everyone! For the first episode of the year, I figured we'll do something light. Today, let’s talk about arson, schools and teenagers. Digressions include colonialism and just how much high school SUCKS!

Mathogothanio
Mathogothanio (n.): Chatting Shit, Talking about Everything and Nothing, Causing a general disturbance.
Welcome, to the first Mathogothanio Session with Aileen and a special guest host!
S/O to Sami Kimita for helping me edit the audio, and for Kariithi Ngari for agreeing to host!

The Central African Republic, Jean-Bedel Bokassa and the French (pt 2)
Join me this week as we continue learning about how the French created, sustained and eventually deposed, Africa’s first emperor; Jean-Bedel Bokassa.
Sources:
Amnesty International (Newsletter) (1987)
Brian Titley, Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokossa (1997)
Jeremy Leudi, The Vietnamese daughters of an African emperor(2018)
Jonathan C.R., Bokassa’s bloody past relived in steamy African courtroom(1987)
Kelechi Chika Ubaku, Chikezie Anyalewachi Emeh, Kelechi Collins Okoro - Imperialism and Underdevelopment in Post-Independence Africa: Focus on Central African Republic (2015)
Khalid Elhassan, 10 Little Known Criminals Who Committed History’s Worst Crimes (2018)
Leon Dash, Nightmares from Bokassa’s Empire (1979)
Silja Fröhlich, Africa and France: An unfulfilled dream of independence?(2020)
World Bank, Central African Republic Economic Update: Breaking the Cycle of Conflict and Instability (2018)

The Emperor of Central Africa
Join me this week as we learn about how the French created, sustained and eventually deposed, Africa’s first emperor; Jean-Bedel Bokassa.
Sources:
Amnesty International (Newsletter) (1987)
Brian Titley, Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokossa (1997)
Jeremy Leudi, The Vietnamese daughters of an African emperor (2018)
Kelechi Chika Ubaku, Chikezie Anyalewachi Emeh, Kelechi Collins Okoro - Imperialism and Underdevelopment in Post-Independence Africa: Focus on Central African Republic (2015)
Leon Dash, Nightmares from Bokassa’s Empire (1979)
Silja Fröhlich, Africa and France: An unfulfilled dream of independence? (2020)
World Bank, Central African Republic Economic Update: Breaking the Cycle of Conflict and Instability (2018)

Kenyan Policing
Policing in Kenya is a colonial hangover, that we can’t quite shake. Complete with the headbanging and misery. In this episode, let’s learn a little about policing, in general, colonial policing and Kenyan policing.
Sources
Amnesty International, Police Reform in Kenya: “A Drop In The Ocean” (2013)
Bruce Chtalu, The Challenges Related To Police Reforms In Kenya: A Survey Of Nairobi County, Kenya, (2011)
Clive Emsley, Policing the empire / Policing the metropole: Some thoughts on models and types (2014)
David Whitehouse, Origins of the Police (2014)
Douglas Lucas Kivoi, Why violence is a hallmark of Kenyan policing. And what needs to change (2020)
Emma Bell, Normalising the exceptional : British colonial policing cultures come home (2013)
Independent Police Oversight Authority (IPOA) Strategic Plan 2019-2024
International Centre for Transitional Justice, The Persistent and Widespread Need for Police Reform: Lessons from Kenya’s Police Vetting Process (2020)
J. Oloka-Onyango, Police Powers, Human Rights, and the State in Kenya and Uganda: A Comparative Analysis (1990)
Jill Lepore, The Invention of the Police (2020)
Martin Thomas, Violence and Colonial Order: Police, Workers and Protest in the European Colonial Empires, 1918–1940 (2012)
Sam Mitrani, The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People, Not ‘Serve and Protect’ (2015)
Sarah Johnson, ‘The wounds won’t heal’: Kenya’s agonising wait for justice on killings by police (2020)

That Vodou that You Do
The Voodoo that you do is not that Vodou that Haitians do. So let’s drop the pin dolls, the skulls and possession and learn about Vodou (with a “u”); a religious belief with millions of adherents around the world, and the reason why Haiti successfully orchestrated a successful slave revolt and built the worlds' first black Republic. Along the way, we'll chart Vodou's path through Haiti's history, from 1492 to the Present
Sources
Cain Stoneking, The Decline of the Tainos, 1492-1542: A Re-Vision (2009)
Chris Woolf, When America occupied Haiti(2015)
Eliza Kamerling-Brown, More Than a Misunderstood Religion: Rediscovering Vodou as a Tool of Survival and a Vehicle for Independence in Colonial Haiti (2016)
Guilberly Louissaint, What is Haitian Voodoo? (2009)
John Merrill, Vodou and Political Reform in Haiti: Some Lessons for the International Community (1996)
Kim Wall and Caterina Clerici, Vodou is elusive and endangered, but it remains the soul of Haitian people (2015)
Laurent Dubois, Vodou and History (2001)
Louise Fenton, Representations of Voodoo: The history and influence of Haitian Vodou within the cultural productions of Britain and America since 1850 (2009)
Mike Dash, The Trial That Gave Vodou A Bad Name (2013)
Mike Mariani, The Tragic, Forgotten History of Zombies (2015)
Renee Morgan Goodridge, Haitian Vodou as a Means of Resiliency (2018)
Saumya Arya Haas, What is Voodoo? Understanding a Misunderstood Religion (2011)
Sharon Guynup, Haiti: Possessed by Voodoo (2004)
The Pluralism Project (Harvard University), Vodou, Serving the Spirits (2020)
Tim Johnson, How voodoo is rebuilding Haiti (2015)
Timothy J Yeager, Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America (1995)
University of Michigan, Haiti & the Truth about Zombies

The Colony that Never Was - Part II
We've spoken about Ethiopia's early days and how it contributed to victory at Adwa in the 19th Century. Today, we cover the three monarchs who shaped modern-day Ethiopia, the Battle of Adwa and the legacy of Ethiopia's victory.
Sources:
Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban, UK museum to return lock of hair of Ethiopia's Emperor Tewodros I(March 2019)
Alistair Boddy-Evans, Countries in Africa Considered Never Colonized (September 2020)
Anke Wanger, The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church (2012)
David M Perry and Matthew Gabriele, A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe (June 2021)
Donald Crummey, Tewordros as Reformer and Modernizer (1969)
Gareth Austin, Sub-Saharan Africa in, Joerg Baten A History of the Global Economy – From 1500 to the President (2016)
Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott "Aithiops".
Iris Gerlach, The Great Temple of Yeha (Ethiopia) (November 2017)
Joshua Keating, Lessons from the Uncolonized (April 2013)
Marjolein ‘t Hart – Why was Ethiopia not colonized during the late-nineteenth-century ‘Scramble for Africa’? in Joerg Baten A History of the Global Economy – From 1500 to the President (2016)
Mohammed Girma, The Ethiopian king who shot himself rather than be captured by the British(March 2019)
Overly Sarcastic Productions, History Summarized: Ethiopia (March, 2020)
Raymond Jonas, The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire (2011)
Taye Assefa, Tewodros In Ethiopian Historical Fiction(July 1983)
Yirga Gelaw Woldeyes, The Battle of Adwa: an Ethiopian victory that ran against the current of colonialism (February 2020)

Ethiopia: The Colony that Never Was (Part 1)
Let’s talk about Ethiopia; the only empire in which the sun has never set. With a history dating back to the Bible, and a legacy of thwarting colonial ambition, it’s time we recognise the Lion of Africa.
Support this Podcast: https://anchor.fm/utajuahujui/support | Instagram: @utajuahujui.pod
Sources:
Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban, UK museum to return lock of hair of Ethiopia's Emperor Tewodros I (March 2019)
Alistair Boddy-Evans, Countries in Africa Considered Never Colonized (September 2020)
Anke Wanger, The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church (2012)
David M Perry and Matthew Gabriele, A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe (June 2021)
Donald Crummey, Tewordros as Reformer and Modernizer (1969)
Gareth Austin, Sub-Saharan Africa in, Joerg Baten A History of the Global Economy – From 1500 to the President (2016)
Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott "Aithiops".
Iris Gerlach, The Great Temple of Yeha (Ethiopia) (November 2017)
Joshua Keating, Lessons from the Uncolonized (April 2013)
Marjolein ‘t Hart – Why was Ethiopia not colonized during the late-nineteenth-century ‘Scramble for Africa’? in Joerg Baten A History of the Global Economy – From 1500 to the President (2016)
Mohammed Girma, The Ethiopian king who shot himself rather than be captured by the British (March 2019)
Overly Sarcastic Productions, History Summarized: Ethiopia (March, 2020)
Raymond Jonas, The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire (2011)
Taye Assefa, Tewodros In Ethiopian Historical Fiction (July 1983)
Yirga Gelaw Woldeyes, The Battle of Adwa: an Ethiopian victory that ran against the current of colonialism (February 2020)